Prevalence of crystal deposits in asymptomatic hyperuricemia according to different scanning definitions: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The appropriate sonographic protocol for assessing urate crystal deposits in asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) is undefined, as well as how the choice would impact on deposit rates and accompanying sonographic, clinical and laboratory features. METHODS: Patients with AH (serum urate ≥7 mg/dL) underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound of 10 locations for OMERACT elementary gout lesions (double contour [DC] signs, tophi, aggregates). Different definitions for AH with deposits were applied, varying according to deposits (any deposits; only DC and/or tophi); gradation (any grade; only grade 2-3 deposits), location (10 locations; 4-joint scheme including knees and 1MTPs; >1 location with deposits), or pre-defined definitions (DC sign in femoral condyles/1MTP and/or tophi in 1MTP). We evaluated crystal deposits rates and compared between other sonographic features, clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS: Seventy-seven participants with AH showed a median 1 location (IQR 0-2) with tophi, 1 (IQR 1-2) with aggregates, and 0 locations (IQR 0-1) with DC sign. The deposition rate ranged from 23.4% (in >1 location with grade 2-3 DC or tophi) to 87.0% (in any deposit in all 10 locations). Accompanying inflammation - assessed by a positive power-Doppler (PD) signal - and erosions were found in 19.5% and 28.4% of participants, respectively. Positive PD signal was better discriminated by criteria requiring grade 2-3 or >1 location with lesions. Erosions and the different clinical and laboratory variables were similar among protocols. CONCLUSION: Rates of sonographic deposition in AH varied dramatically among studied protocols, while some could discriminate accompanying inflammation, all highlighting the need for a validated, consensus-based definition.

Textbook outcome among patients undergoing enhanced recovery after liver transplantation stratified by risk. A single-center retrospective observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Liver transplantation (LT) is one of the most complex surgical procedures. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) aims to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. When patients achieve all desirable outcomes after a procedure, they are considered to have experienced a textbook outcome (TO). METHODS: Two cohorts of patients undergoing low (n = 101) or medium risk (n = 15) LT were identified. The remaining patients (n = 65) were grouped separately. The ERAS protocol included pre-, intra-, and post-operative steps. TO was defined as the absence of complications, prolonged length of hospital stays, readmission and mortality during the first 90 days. RESULTS: One third of patients who underwent ERAS after LT experienced a TO. On multivariable analysis, age (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.09]; P = .02), and having hepatocellular carcinoma (OR, 2.83 [95% CI, 1.37-6.03]; P = .005) were individually associated with a greater probability of achieving a TO. Belonging to the cohorts of medium risk or outside the selection criteria was associated with a lower probability of achieving a TO (OR, 0.46 [96% CI, 0.22-0.93]; P = .03). Patients less likely to experience TO required more hospital resources. Patients who achieved TO were more likely to remain free of chronic kidney disease (achieved TO, 83.8% [82.7-85.6]; failed TO, 67.9% [66.9-70.2]; P < .05). Tacrolimus dose and trough levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS: A novel finding of our study is that short and medium-term kidney function is better preserved in patients who experience a TO. Better kidney function of patients who achieve TO is not due to lower tacrolimus dosage.

Enhanced recovery after low- and medium-risk liver transplantation. A single-center prospective observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few studies have fully applied an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to liver transplantation (LT). Our aim was to assess the effects of a comprehensive ERAS protocol in our cohort of low- and medium-risk LT patients. METHODS: The ERAS protocol included pre-, intra-, and post-operative steps. During the five-year study period, 181 LT were performed in our institution. Two cohorts were identified: low risk patients (n = 101) had a laboratory model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 20 points or less at the time of LT, received a liver from a donor after brain death, and had a balance of risk score of 9 points or less; medium-risk patients (n = 15) had identical characteristics except for a higher MELD score (21-30 points). In addition, we analyzed the remaining patients (n = 65) who were transplanted over the same study period separately using the ERAS protocol. RESULTS: The low-risk cohort showed a low need for packed red blood cells transfusion (median: 0 units) and renal replacement therapy (1%), as well as a short length of stay both in the intensive care unit (13 h) and in the hospital (4 days); morbidity during one-year follow-up, and probability of surviving to one year (89.30%) and five years (76.99%) were in line with well-established reference data. Similar findings were observed in the medium-risk cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This single-center prospective observational cohort study provides evidence that ERAS is feasible and safe for low- and medium-risk LT.

Hypokalemia as a sensitive biomarker of disease severity and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in COVID-19 pneumonia: A case series of 306 Mediterranean patients.

OBJECTIVES: Serum levels of potassium (K+) appear to be significantly lower in severe cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the clinical significance of this is unknown. The objective was to investigate whether hypokalemia acts as a biomarker of severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and is associated with major clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia (March 3 to May 2, 2020) was performed. Patients were categorized according to nadir levels of K+ in the first 72 h of admission: hypokalemia (K+ ≤3.5 mmol/l) and normokalemia (K+ >3.5 mmol/l). The main outcomes were all-cause mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV); these were analyzed by multiple logistic regression (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)). RESULTS: Three hundred and six patients were enrolled. Ninety-four patients (30.7%) had hypokalemia and these patients showed significantly higher comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index ≥3, 30.0% vs 16.3%; p =  0.02) and CURB65 scores (median (interquartile range): 1.5 (0.0-3.0) vs 1.0 (0.0-2.0); p =  0.04), as well as higher levels of some inflammatory parameters at baseline. After adjustment for confounders, hypokalemia was independently associated with requiring IMV during the admission (OR 8.98, 95% CI 2.54-31.74). Mortality was 15.0% (n = 46) and was not influenced by low K+. Hypokalemia was associated with longer hospital and ICU stays. CONCLUSIONS: Hypokalemia is prevalent in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Hypokalemia is an independent predictor of IMV requirement and seems to be a sensitive biomarker of severe progression of COVID-19.

[Intranasal cyanocobalamin; an effective and safe therapeutic alternative]. / Cianocobalamina inhalada; una alternativa terapéutica eficaz y segura.

Vitamin B12 or cobalamin deficiency is a common nutritional disorder, in which the early recognition and treatment is critical since it is a reversible cause of bone marrow failure and demyelinating nervous system disease. Insufficient intake of vitamin along with anatomical or functional disorders of the stomach, pancreas and terminal ileum are the most frequent causes of the deficit. We present three cases of patients with cobalamin deficiency secondary to intestinal malabsorption after bariatric surgery, in relation to autoimmune process and inflammatory bowel disease mechanisms respectively, which conditioned a lack of response to treatment with high-dose oral cyanocobalamin. They also had contraindication to intramuscular administration of cyanocobalamin by the use of oral anticoagulants. In such patients, the use of an inhaled formulation cyanocobalamin provides an adequate absorption, normalizing serum cobalamin and without the existence of side effects.

La deficiencia de vitamina B12 o cobalamina es un trastorno nutricional frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz es importante, debido a que es una causa reversible de alteración de la hematopoyesis y desmielinización del sistema nervioso central. La ingesta insuficiente de dicha vitamina junto con las alteraciones anatómicas o funcionales del estómago, páncreas e íleon terminal son las causas asociadas al déficit. Presentamos tres casos clínicos de pacientes con deficiencia de cobalamina secundaria a malabsorción intestinal tras cirugía bariátrica, asociada a mecanismos autoinmunes y a enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal respectivamente, que condicionaba una falta de respuesta al tratamiento con cianocobalamina oral a altas dosis. Además presentaban contraindicación para la administración de cianocobalamina intramuscular por el uso de anticoagulantes orales. En dichos pacientes, el uso de una formulación de cianocobalamina inhalada proporcionó una adecuada absorción de la misma, normalización de las concentraciones séricas de cobalamina y sin la existencia de efectos secundarios.

Cianocobalamina inhalada; una alternativa terapéutica eficaz y segura / Intranasal Cyanocobalamin; an effective and safe therapeutic alternative

La deficiencia de vitamina B12 o cobalamina es un trastorno nutricional frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz es importante, debido a que es una causa reversible de alteración de la hematopoyesis y desmielinización del sistema nervioso central. La ingesta insuficiente de dicha vitamina junto con las alteraciones anatómicas o funcionales del estómago, páncreas e íleon terminal son las causas asociadas al déficit. Presentamos tres casos clínicos de pacientes con deficiencia de cobalamina secundaria a malabsorción intestinal tras cirugía bariátrica, asociada a mecanismos autoinmunes y a enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal respectivamente, que condicionaba una falta de respuesta al tratamiento con cianocobalamina oral a altas dosis. Además presentaban contraindicación para la administración de cianocobalamina intramuscular por el uso de anticoagulantes orales. En dichos pacientes, el uso de una formulación de cianocobalamina inhalada proporcionó una adecuada absorción de la misma, normalización de las concentraciones séricas de cobalamina y sin la existencia de efectos secundarios (AU)

Vitamin B12 or cobalamin deficiency is a common nutritional disorder, in which the early recognition and treatment is critical since it is a reversible cause of bone marrow failure and demyelinating nervous system disease. Insufficient intake of vitamin along with anatomical or functional disorders of the stomach, pancreas and terminal ileum are the most frequent causes of the deficit. We present three cases of patients with cobalamin deficiency secondary to intestinal malabsorption after bariatric surgery, in relation to autoimmune process and inflammatory bowel disease mechanisms respectively, which conditioned a lack of response to treatment with high-dose oral cyanocobalamin. They also had contraindication to intramuscular administration of cyanocobalamin by the use of oral anticoagulants. In such patients, the use of an inhaled formulation cyanocobalamin provides an adequate absorption, normalizing serum cobalamin and without the existence of side effects (AU)

Insuficiencia renal aguda en una adolescente como presentación de hipotiroidismo primario autoinmune / Acute renal failure in a teenager as presentation of primary autoinmune hypothyroidism

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