ABSTRACT
This present study aimed to test the association between fried food intake estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24hRs), and the application of the multiple source method (MSM) in relation to gestational weight gain at the second and third trimesters and weight gain ratio (observed weight gain/expected weight gain). We hypothesized that distinct relationships with weight gain would be found given the measurement errors of self-reported dietary approaches. A prospective study was conducted with 88 adult pregnant women. Fried food intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated 85-item FFQ, two to six 24hRs per woman, and the MSM with and without frequency of food intake as covariate. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between fried food estimated by the methods and weight gain. For every 100-g increment of fried food intake, the ß (95% confidence interval) for weight gain was ß 1.87 (0.34, 3.40) and ß 2.00 0.55, 3.45) for estimates using MSM with and without the frequency of intake as covariate, respectively, after multiple adjustments. We found that fried food intake estimated by the FFQ and 24hRs ß 0.40 (-0.68, 1.48) and ß 0.49 (-0.53, 1.52), respectively, was unrelated to weight gain. In relation to weight gain ratio, a positive association was found for estimates using the MSM with [ß 0.29 (0.03, 0.54)] and without the frequency of intake as covariate [ß 0.31 (0.07, 0.55)]; and no associations were found for estimates by the FFQ or 24hRs. The data showed that fried food intake estimated the MSM, but not by the FFQ and 24hRs, is associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Cooking , Diet , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Feeding Behavior , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Weight Gain , Adult , Diet Surveys , Female , Humans , Mental Recall , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimesters , Prospective Studies , Self Report , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Patients with chronic pancreatitis may have abnormal gastrointestinal transit, but the factors underlying these abnormalities are poorly understood. Gastrointestinal transit was assessed, in 40 male outpatients with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis and 18 controls, by scintigraphy after a liquid meal labeled with (99m)technetium-phytate. Blood and urinary glucose, fecal fat excretion, nutritional status, and cardiovascular autonomic function were determined in all patients. The influence of diabetes mellitus, malabsorption, malnutrition, and autonomic neuropathy on abnormal gastrointestinal transit was assessed by univariate analysis and Bayesian multiple regression analysis. Accelerated gastrointestinal transit was found in 11 patients who showed abnormally rapid arrival of the meal marker to the cecum. Univariate and Bayesian analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy had significant influences on rapid transit, which was not associated with either malabsorption or malnutrition. In conclusion, rapid gastrointestinal transit in patients with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis is related to diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Intestine, Small/physiopathology , Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/physiopathology , Pancreatitis, Chronic/physiopathology , Adult , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Bayes Theorem , Body Mass Index , Cecum/diagnostic imaging , Cecum/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnostic imaging , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Humans , Malabsorption Syndromes/diagnostic imaging , Malabsorption Syndromes/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Organotechnetium Compounds , Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatitis, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Phytic Acid , Radionuclide Imaging , Steatorrhea/diagnostic imaging , Steatorrhea/physiopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis (ARCP) may present with abnormal gastric emptying (GE), which has been ascribed mainly to nutrient maldigestion. Nevertheless, many patients also have diabetes with autonomic dysfunction and malnutrition and the role of these factors on abnormal GE has not been investigated. GOALS: To determine the influences of malabsorption, diabetes, malnutrition, and autonomic dysfunction on GE abnormalities in patients with ARCP. STUDY: Forty ARCP outpatients and 18 healthy controls were studied. GE was measured by scintigraphy after a standard, liquid, nutrient meal labeled with Technetium-phytate. Autonomic function was evaluated by cardiovascular tests. The influence of each factor on abnormal GE was assessed by Bayesian multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In the ARCP group, GE was abnormal in 19 patients (47.5%), who showed either accelerated (N=12) or delayed emptying (N=7). Diabetes was highly prevalent (P<0.01) in ARCP patients with either rapid or delayed GE (18/19). Multiple regression analysis showed that not only diabetes, but also autonomic dysfunction has significant effects on abnormal GE, whereas malabsorption and malnutrition seemed not to be associated to abnormal emptying. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of patients with ARCP may have abnormal GE. Either delayed or accelerated GE seem to be related to underlying diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy rather than to nutrient malabsorption and malnutrition.
