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2.
Arch Med Res ; 30(5): 399-410, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10596461

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: When screening instruments that are used in the assessment and diagnosis of alcoholism of individuals from different ethnicities, some cultural variables based on norms and societal acceptance of drinking behavior can play an important role in determining the outcome. The accepted diagnostic criteria of current market testing are based on Western standards. METHODS: In this study, the Munich Alcoholism Test (31 items) was the base instrument applied to subjects from several Hispanic-American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru). After the sample was submitted to several statistical procedures, these 31 items were reduced to a culture-free, 31-item test named the Cross-Cultural Alcohol Screening Test (CCAST). RESULTS: The results of this Hispanic-American sample (n = 2,107) empirically demonstrated that CCAST measures alcoholism with an adequate degree of accuracy when compared to other available cross-cultural tests. CONCLUSIONS: CCAST is useful in the diagnosis of alcoholism in Spanish-speaking immigrants living in countries where English is spoken. CCAST can be used in general hospitals, psychiatric wards, emergency services and police stations. The test can be useful for other professionals, such as psychological consultants, researchers, and those conducting expertise appraisal.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/diagnosis , Cultural Characteristics , Hispanic or Latino , Ethnicity , Humans , Reproducibility of Results
3.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 62(3/4): 242-84, sept.-dic. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-262989

ABSTRACT

Mediante el inventario de evaluación sussmilch (IES), previamente validado y confiabilizado, se estableció una diferencia significativa entre la teoría y la realidad de la calidad de la información publicada (1967-1999). Esto señala que esos resultados no pueden generalizarse ni dentro ni fuera de las muestras de estudiantes, también de medicina. En contraste, con base en el principio de que resultados negativos también son resultados, en este ejercicio de demostró empíricamente que los resultados obtenidos representan bien a las muestras de estudiantes que fueron admitidos a cinco facultades de medicina hispanoamericana (FMH). Se desarrolló el indice de alcoholismo de pregrado (IAPG) integrado por cuatro (ó cinco) reactivos con respuestas dicotómicas, capaces de discernir, con error conocido, entre estudiantes de medicina no-alcohólicos (NOH), sospechosos (SOH) y alcohólicos (OH). El perfil psicométrico del IAPG exhibió una equivalente entre las Facultades de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNC), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia(UPCH), universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco (UNSAAC) y Universidad de Cuenca(UC).


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical , Hispanic or Latino , Alcoholism , Health Profile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Mexico
4.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 61(1): 10-64, mar. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-225891

ABSTRACT

Durante 18 años se aplicaron los 31 reactivos del test de alcoholismo Munich (MALT) a una muestra de 2107 probandos hispanoamericanos (714 mexicanos, 481 ecuatorianos, 145 peruanos, 652 chilenos y 115 bolivianos). Al no lograrse confirmar la estructura teórica explícita, se redujo a 13 ítems conformando la prueba diagnóstica de alcoholismo latinoamericano (PDAL), que arrojó los siguientes valores: el coeficiente de Cramer. 96585 corresponde a la validez por criterio exterior simulando en su modalidad de concurrente; los 13 reactivos del PDAL se alojaron en un solo factor, con un valor propio de 7.97954, que explicó el 61.4 por ciento de la variancia total ; la clasificación correcta total, según las tres puntuaciones de corte fue de 93.83 por ciento, siendo el más bajo el concerniente al diagnóstico de alcoholismo (91.9 por ciento), mientras que el de no alcoholismo fue de 94.7 por ciento y el de sospecha de 97.2 por ciento. Asimismo, con respecto a la confiabilidad, el coeficiente para establecer la consistencia interna fue de .9463, en relación a la división por mitades del PDAL, ésta exhibió una correlación entre las formas de .8976, el coeficiente de Spearman-Brown para colas desiguales correspondió a.9463, así como un coeficiente a para la primera cola de .9003 y .9902 para la segunda. Indicando que el PDAL, dentro del contexto hispanoamericano, mide lo que pretende medir y además lo hace con precisión.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/diagnosis , Alcoholism/history , Alcoholism/therapy , Alcoholism/epidemiology
5.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 60(2): 81-105, jun. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-343470

ABSTRACT

En 1985, Beltrán sotuvo que toda religión trae consigo una ideologia, la cual condiciona las actitudes de sus practicantes e influye en su comportamiento. Esto se demostró en el terreno impírico con respecto a los patrones de consumo de alcohol en una muestra aleatoria constotuida por 714 probandos, que fueron medidos con el Test de Alcoholismo Munich(MALT)


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism , Religion
6.
Int J Dermatol ; 28(2): 119-22, 1989 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2737806

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of 10 cases of an idiopathic form of hyperpigmentation of the clavicular zone, a peculiar entity of circumscribed, glistening, pigmented lesions affecting young Latin women. Pathologic findings consisted of focal to extensive necrosis of the epidermis, focal areas of junctional cleavage, and melanin deposition within the epidermis, dermis, and melanophages, which places this lesion within the group of brown hypermelanoses. The authors feel that friction with clothing or with scrub pads made of sedge (a very common practice amongst mexicans in the bath room) against clavicular protuberances is fundamental in its pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Melanosis/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Clavicle , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Prospective Studies
8.
Acta Cytol ; 30(3): 281-4, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3459328

ABSTRACT

A rare case of malacoplakia of the uterine cervix is described. The histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural findings in this case were typical of this entity. The typical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were quite easily identified in the cervicovaginal smear with the use of the Von Kossa stain. This method can be an important diagnostic aid in cytologically differentiating this lesion from neoplastic or parasitic processes.


Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri/pathology , Malacoplakia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Diseases/pathology , Aged , Biopsy , Cervix Uteri/ultrastructure , Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Microscopy, Electron
9.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 109(4): 361-4, 1985 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3838644

ABSTRACT

We describe an 18-year-old woman with a mass in the region of the right ovary. The mass, which had a central cavity lined by endometrium and surrounded by smooth muscle, extraordinarily resembled a uterus. Review of the literature disclosed only one such case in which this change was considered to arise from endomyometriosis of the ovary, a phenomenon characterized by smooth-muscle metaplasia in a focus of endometriosis. Although this possibility is interesting and plausible, we believe that a congenital malformation, possibly caused by a defect in fusion of müllerian ducts, should strongly be considered in explaining the pathogenesis of this kind of lesion.


Subject(s)
Endometriosis/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Uterus/abnormalities , Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology , Adolescent , Endometriosis/complications , Female , Humans , Metaplasia , Muscle, Smooth/pathology , Myometrium/pathology , Ovarian Cysts/complications , Ovarian Cysts/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/complications , Urinary Tract/abnormalities , Uterus/pathology
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