Physicochemical and histological analysis of an experimental endodontic repair material containing 45S5 bioactive glass.

This study aimed to evaluate the maximum compressive strength, the modulus of elasticity, pH variation, ionic release, radiopacity and biological response of an experimental endodontic repair cement based on 45S5 Bioglass®. An in vitro and in vivo study with an experimental endodontic repair cement containing 45S5 bioactive glass was conducted. There were three endodontic repair cement groups: 45S5 bioactive glass-based (BioG), zinc oxide-based (ZnO), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). In vitro tests were used to evaluate their physicochemical properties: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, radiopacity, pH variation, and the ionic release of Ca+ and PO4. An animal model was used to evaluate the bone tissue response to endodontic repair cement. Statistical analysis included the unpaired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. BioG showed the lowest compressive strength and ZnO showed the highest radiopacity among the groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the modulus of elasticity among the groups. BioG and MTA maintained an alkaline pH during the 7 days of evaluation, both at pH 4 and in a pH 7 buffered solutions. PO4 was elevated in BioG, peaking at 7 days (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed less intense inflammatory reactions and new bone formation in MTA. BioG showed inflammatory reactions that decreased over time. These findings suggest that the BioG experimental cement had good physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility required for bioactive endodontic repair cement.

Dental developmental anomalies and post-eruption dental disorder: a series of panoramic radiographs

Panoramic radiographs are complementary exams to evaluate oral alterations in an early manner, these changes can be dental developmental anomalies, and post-eruption dental disorder. Aim: This study evaluated the findings in panoramic radiographs and correlated the variables of gender and dental location. Methods: A retrospective study was through the observation of 1.111 panoramic radiographs from the Radiology Department in Brazil. It was included patients from 5 to 79 years of age of both gender, and it classified the anomalies in shape, size, and number and post-eruption dental changes in and correlated with gender and location. Patients with syndromes were excluded from the sample. Results: The majority of the sample was composed of fameles 752 (67.7%), as to the frequency of dental developmental anomalies related lesions 684 cases (61.6%) and post-eruption dental disorder 567 (51.8%), in the radiographs. The most prevalent change was endodontic treatment (32.6%), followed by root dilaceration (25.9%), and included tooth (19.5%). The most prevailing alteration when correlated with the gender variables was the cyst root (p<0.01) in females, and orthodontic treatment (p=0.02) in males and the variable location in the mandible was root dilaceration, giroversion, impacted tooth, taurodontia, microdontia, and endodontic treatment (p<0.01). Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that dental developmental anomalies e post-eruption dental disorder are frequent alterations in the population with particular characteristics of distribution by sex and location

Management of atypical mucosal lesions from primary endodontic infection: two cases report

Aim/Case report: We have described here the diagnosis and treatment of two cases involving atypical mucosal lesions originating from primary endodontic infections in young patients. Differential diagnoses were established by clinical and radiographic examinations. In both the cases, a red-colored lesion was observed in the alveolar mucosa, with a soft consistency and a sessile-base without any drainage path in tooth 31 (case 1) and with a sinus tract in tooth 36 (case 2), as confirmed by X-ray. The cleaning and shaping of the root canals were performed, and camphorated paramonochlorofenol (CPMC)-enriched calcium hydroxide paste was used as an intracanal dressing for 6 months, with replacement every 60 days. Conclusion: Based on our experience, we thus conclude that long-term root canal maintenance with CPMC-enriched calcium hydroxide was an effective therapeutic protocol for promoting the healing of atypical mucosal lesions

Recurrent pyogenic granuloma associated with port-wine stain: a case report / Granuloma Piogênico recorrente associado à Mancha Vinho do Porto: um relato de caso

O granuloma piogênico (GP) é um processo proliferativo não neoplásico. Este termo entretanto, é equivocado, uma vez que não está relacionado a qualquer infecção, não contém pus e não é um verdadeiro granuloma. A ocorrência do GP recorrente associado a lesões vasculares na pele, tais como manchas de vinho do porto, tem sido descrita na literatura. Paciente do gênero masculino com 23 anos de idade foi atendido na Universidade Federal do Maranhão apresentando uma lesão com características de granuloma piogênico na vestibular do primeiro molar, associada à mancha vinho do porto. O diagnóstico foi confirmado através de biopsia excisional e análise histopatológica. Devido à recorrência da lesão após a abordagem cirúrgica, injeções intralesionais de corticoides foram realizadas três vezes. Após dois anos de acompanhamento, não houve recorrência. Pode-se concluir que, apesar da alta prevalência de recorrência do granuloma piogênico, injeções intralesionais com corticoides podem ser uma alternativa ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion. This term, however, is a misconception, since it is not related to any infection, does not contain pus and it is not a true granuloma. The occurrence of recurrent PG associated with vascular lesions on the skin, such as port-wine stains, has been described in the literature. A 23 years old male patient was attended in the Federal University of Maranhão presenting a lesion with pyogenic granuloma characteristics in the buccal side of the first molar associated with port-wine stain. The diagnosis was confirmed per an excisional biopsy, along with histopathologic analysis. Due to the recurrence of the lesion after the surgical approach, intralesional corticosteroid injections was performed three times. After two-years no signs of recurrence could be observed. In conclusion, despite of the high prevalence of Pyogenic Granuloma recurrence, intralesional corticosteroid injections may be an alternative option to conventional surgical treatment.

Validation of a new experimental model of extrusive luxation on maxillary molars of rats: a histological study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to test and validate a new model of extrusive luxation trauma on maxillary first molars of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar; weight = 230-250 g), 45 days old, were divided into eight groups (n = 5): control groups, in which animals were not subjected to any procedure and waited 1 day (GC1D) or 3 days (GC3D) for euthanasia, and experimental groups, in which animals were subjected to forces of 1100cN, 1300cN, or 1500cN and waited 1 or 3 days for euthanasia (GT1100/1D, GT1100/3D, GT1300/1D, GT1300/3D, GT1500/1D, GT1500/3D). In animals of the experimental groups, trauma was produced by an extrusive force in maxillary first right molars. Four-micrometer serial cuts stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were made. Descriptive microscopic analysis of first upper right molar and semi-quantitative analysis (scores 1 to 4) of intensity of acute and chronic inflammation and vascular changes in the periodontal ligament and active and inactive external root resorption were conducted. The distribution of scores in the groups was compared using the Freeman-Halton extension of Fisher's exact test. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: It was observed that vascular disorders (bleeding) on the periodontal ligament became more evident with increasing extrusive force. CONCLUSIONS: This new method was capable of generating histological changes, proving its secure application in this research area. The 1500cN force produced more damage on the periodontal ligament. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The validation of a new experimental method can produce more reliable evidence in further research.

Sensibilidade da dentina e o impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes com periodontite crônica da Universidade Federal do Maranhão / Dentin sensitivity and the impact on the quality of life of patients with chronic periodontitis at the Federal University of Maranhão

Objetivo: Verificar a presença da sensibilidade da dentina e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes periodontais. Material e Métodos: Foram examinados 36 pacientes com periodontite crônica de ambos os sexos na faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos na Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Os participantes responderam a um questionário socioeconômico e sobre hábitos de higiene bucal. O impacto da sensibilidade da dentina na qualidade de vida foi avaliado pelo OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile). Clinicamente, a sensibilidade da dentina foi avaliada pela utilização de spray ar-água e sonda exploradora nº 05, utilizando-se escores de 0 a 3. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste não paramétrico Qui-quadrado (χ2). O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 18 pacientes apresentaram sensibilidade da dentina, nos quais os pré-molares foram os dentes mais acometidos (55,5%). A sensibilidade da dentina foi mais observada pelo spray ar-água (86,1%), em seguida pela sonda exploradora (51,0%). Desconforto/dor leve (escore 1) foi mais encontrado com spray ar- água (43,5%), enquanto que dor intensa que persiste após estímulo foi mais verificada pela sonda exploradora nº 05 (51,0%). O OHIP-14 revelou impacto de fraco (66,7%) a médio (33,3%) nos pacientes com sensibilidade da dentina. Os indivíduos sem sensibilidade apresentaram impacto fraco (94,4%). Conclusão: A sensibilidade da dentina afetou parte dos pacientes periodontais com impacto de fraco a médio na qualidade de vida

Aim: This study sought to observe the presence of dentin sensitivity in its different degrees and its impact on patients' quality of life. Methods: Thirty-six patients with chronic periodontitis, both male and female, ranging from 18 to 59 years of age, were examined at the Federal University of Maranhão. The patients answered a questionnaire on their socioeconomic status and oral hygiene habits. The impact of dentin sensitivity on the patients' quality of life was assessed by Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Clinically, dentin sensitivity was examined by an air-water spray and a #5 dental explorer, using scores 0-3. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by non-parametric chi-squaretest. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The results showed that 18 patients presented dentin sensitivity. The premolars were the most affected teeth (55.5%). Dentin sensitivity was most observed when the air-water spray was used (86.1 %), followed by the dental explorer (51 %). The discomfort and mild pain (score 1) was more frequently found when using the air-water spray (43.50%), while severe pain that persists after stimulation was observed in teeth with sensitivity to the dental explorer (51%). The OHIP-14 revealed low (66.67%) and medium (33.33 %) impacts on patients with dentin sensitivity. Patients without dentin sensitivity mostly showed a low impact (94.44%). Conclusion: Dentin sensitivity affected a portion of the periodontal patients, with low to medium impact on one's quality of life

Nuclear factor κB and cyclooxygenase-2 immunoexpression in oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral leukoplakia is the main potentially malignant oral lesion, and oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 95% of all malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the immunoexpression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in dysplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on 6 inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, 28 oral leukoplakia, and 15 oral squamous cell carcinoma paraffin-embedded samples. Immunoperoxidase reaction for NF-κB and COX-2 was applied on the specimens, and the positivity of the reactions was calculated for 1000 epithelial cells. Using the analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc statistical analyses, a significantly increased immunoexpression for NF-κB was observed when oral squamous cell carcinoma samples were compared with the other groups studied. However, using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn post hoc tests, a statistically significant result for COX-2 expression was obtained only when the moderate dysplasia group was compared with the inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia group. Nuclear factor κB may participate in the malignant phenotype acquisition process of the oral squamous cell carcinoma in its late stages, whereas COX-2 may be involved in the early stages of oral carcinogenesis process.

Neuroblastoma / Neuroblastoma

O neuroblastoma é um tumor maligno, agressivo, sólido e congênito, que tem sua origem a partir das células embrionárias da crista neural, que são responsáveis pela formação das células ganglionares do sistema nervoso simpático e da camada medular da adrenal. Esse tumor atinge tecidos moles, podendo desenvolver metástases que envolvem linfonodos regionais, como destruir estruturas ósseas mais distantes. O tratamento consiste em cirurgia, quimioterapia, radioterapia, incluindo transplante de medula óssea autólogo, ou uma associação desses tratamentos. Este artigo relata um caso clínico de neuroblastoma olfativo em uma criança de sete meses de idade e realiza uma breve

Paracoccidioidomicose: aspectos gerais e relatos de caso / Paracoccidioidomycosis: general aspects and case reports

Os autores apresentam casos clínicos de Paracoccidioidomicose e realizam uma análise da doença, abordando os sinais e sintomas, aspectos radiográficos e histológicos e suas possíveis complicaçöes