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1.
Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) ; 60(1): 5-10, jan.-mar. 2024. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1555078

ABSTRACT

O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus que surgiu em 2019, sendo responsável por causar uma síndrome respiratória que foi denominada COVID-19. O vírus possui uma proteína, chamada proteína Spike, que interage com as ACE2, estando presente no trato respiratório e nas células endoteliais, causando inflamação, apoptose e efeitos pró-trombóticos que ativam a via de coagulação. Dessa maneira, presume-se que o estado de hipercoagulabilidade do vírus e a inflamação endotelial estejam relacionados à fisiopatologia do AVC isquêmico pós-infecção. O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar a fisiopatologia e a etiologia dos AVCs associados à infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 e seus fatores de risco. Foi realizada uma busca por trabalhos prévios nas plataformas PubMed e BVS, e um total de 26 artigos científicos foram incluídos após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Através dos estudos analisados, observou-se a correlação do aumento da incidência do AVC pós-infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, e os fatores de risco presentes principais foram hipertensão arterial, fibrilação atrial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e insuficiência cardíaca. Em conclusão, a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 possui relação com o aumento da incidência de AVC, possivelmente por seu mecanismo trombótico e inflamatório dos endotélios.


SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that emerged in 2019, being responsible for causing a respiratory syndrome that was named COVID-19. The virus has a protein, called Spike protein, which interacts with ACE2, which are present in the respiratory tract and endothelial cells, causing inflammation, apoptosis and prothrombotic effects that activate the coagulation pathway. Thus, it is presumed that the hypercoagulable state of the virus and endothelial inflammation are related to the pathophysiology of postinfection ischemic stroke. The aim of this review was to analyze the pathophysiology and etiology of strokes associated with SARSCoV-2 virus infection and their risk factors. A search for previous works was carried out on PubMed and VHL platforms, and a total of 26 scientific articles were included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Through the studies analyzed, a correlation was observed between the increased incidence of stroke after infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the main risk factors present were arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and heart failure. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the increased incidence of stroke, possibly due to its thrombotic and endothelial inflammatory mechanism.

2.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 25: 87-94, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30056361

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Antibodies against Myelin Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab) have been investigated as potential biological marker for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and high-risk syndromes (HR) negative for AQP4-Ab in populations with different ethnic background. We tested AQP4 and MOG antibodies in a Brazilian population with high African ethnic background. METHOD: The study population was composed of adult patients from Rio de Janeiro with inflammatory demyelinating diseases (new and old cases). Blood samples were sent blindly to test the AQP4 and MOG antibodies by CBA. The frequency of positive MOG-Ab was estimated in the NMOHR and the NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). A systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the frequency of MOG-Ab in Caucasians and non-Caucasians. RESULTS: 200 adult patients (52% Afro-Brazilian) 115 of them with NMOHR were tested. MOG antibodies were found in 5/68 negative cases of AQP4-Ab negative (7%). The criteria for NMOSD were fulfilled by 70 patients with NMOHR and none of them was positive for MOG-Ab. A low prevalence of MOG antibodies and a predominant phenotype of bilateral Optic Neuritis were found in most non-Caucasian patients. CONCLUSION: The low frequency of MOG Ab in patients from Rio de Janeiro and in other non-Caucasian populations suggests a racial/ancestral influence.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/blood , Demyelinating Diseases/blood , Demyelinating Diseases/ethnology , Ethnicity , Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aquaporin 4/immunology , Brazil/ethnology , Child , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Demyelinating Diseases/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young Adult
3.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 24(5): 299-307, set.-out. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-608354

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: As doenças cardiovasculares constituema principal causa de morte no Brasil e para a redução desse importante problema de saúde pública é fundamental o monitoramento dos fatores de risco. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência dos principais fatoresde risco cardiovascular em adultos do Município de Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com amostra de 1060 adultos admitidos na Unidade de Dor Torácica do Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense em Vassouras (RJ). Fundamenta-se em análise retrospectiva de questionários padronizados aplicados aos pacientes com dor torácica, sendo avaliados: sexo, faixa etária, hipertensão arterial sistêmica,diabetes,sobrepeso/obesidade,sedentarismo, história de infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio, antecedentes familiares, etilismo, tabagismo e dislipidemia. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados através do software Microsoft Excel. Utilizou-se intervalo de confiança de 95% e também o teste do qui-quadrado para a análise estatística, com significância de 1% e 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 51,4% de indivíduos do sexo feminino e 48,6%, do sexo masculino. As prevalências dos fatores de risco foram: 65% de hipertensão, 49,4% de antecedentes familiares, 42,8% de sedentarismo, 25,3% de sobrepeso/obesidade, 23% de tabagismo, 22,9% de dislipidemia, 19,7% de diabetes 18,5% de infarto prévio e 8,6% de etilismo.Conclusão: A magnitude das prevalências dos fatores de risco sugere que é preciso intensificar as estratégias de prevenção e promoção de saúde assim como aprimorar o atendimento emergencial ao paciente com risco de doença coronariana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Chest Pain/complications , Chest Pain/diagnosis , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , World Health Organization
4.
Cad Saude Publica ; 25(9): 1929-36, 2009 Sep.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19750380

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the prevalence of stroke among the elderly in Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, based on data from the Family Health Program (FHP). The elderly population was chosen since it is growing as a proportion of the general population, and since stroke risk increases with age. Data were screened for all the elderly registered in the FHP in Vassouras, identifying those with a history of stroke and analyzing their socio-demographic profile. The study used data from the Information System on Primary Care, the population census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and the Ministry of Health's standardized FHP patient form. Quality of stroke diagnoses in the FHP was analyzed. Data screening detected 122 elderly with a history of stroke diagnosis (prevalence = 2.9%; 3.2% in men, 2.7% in women) and a progressive increase with age. The prevalence rate was the same in the rural and urban area of the municipality (2.9%). Knowledge of stroke prevalence in the elderly population is essential to improve health planning.


Subject(s)
Family Health , Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care , Stroke/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , National Health Programs/standards , Primary Health Care/standards , Program Evaluation , Socioeconomic Factors , Stroke/diagnosis
5.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(9): 1929-1936, set. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524798

ABSTRACT

O estudo estimou a prevalência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em idosos em Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, pelo rastreamento de dados do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). A população idosa foi escolhida por seu aumento no Brasil e pelo risco do AVC aumentar com a idade. Foram rastreados todos os idosos de Vassouras cadastrados no PSF, identificando os acometidos por AVC e analisando o seu perfil sócio-demográfico. Foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informação e Atenção Básica, do censo populacional do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e a ficha de atendimento padronizada pelo PSF, do Ministério da Saúde. Avaliou-se a qualidade dos diagnósticos de AVC do PSF. No rastreamento, foram encontrados 122 idosos com diagnóstico de AVC, com prevalência de 2,9 por cento, e aumento progressivo com o avançar da idade, sendo a prevalência nos homens (3,2 por cento) maior do que nas mulheres (2,7 por cento). A taxa de prevalência foi igual tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana (2,9 por cento). O conhecimento da magnitude da prevalência do AVC na população idosa é fundamental para melhor planejamento de saúde.


This study estimated the prevalence of stroke among the elderly in Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, based on data from the Family Health Program (FHP). The elderly population was chosen since it is growing as a proportion of the general population, and since stroke risk increases with age. Data were screened for all the elderly registered in the FHP in Vassouras, identifying those with a history of stroke and analyzing their socio-demographic profile. The study used data from the Information System on Primary Care, the population census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and the Ministry of Health's standardized FHP patient form. Quality of stroke diagnoses in the FHP was analyzed. Data screening detected 122 elderly with a history of stroke diagnosis (prevalence = 2.9 percent; 3.2 percent in men, 2.7 percent in women) and a progressive increase with age. The prevalence rate was the same in the rural and urban area of the municipality (2.9 percent). Knowledge of stroke prevalence in the elderly population is essential to improve health planning.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Family Health , Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care , Stroke/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , National Health Programs/standards , Program Evaluation , Primary Health Care/standards , Socioeconomic Factors , Stroke/diagnosis
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