Frequency of breakfast consumption is associated with anthropometric markers of body adiposity in university students / A frequência de consumo de desjejum está associada a marcadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal em estudantes universitários

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the frequency of breakfast consumption and its association with body adiposity in university students. Methods Cross-sectional study using baseline data from a cohort of 2,179 students aged 16 to 25, enrolled in 21 full-time courses, collected between 2015 and 2018. The outcomes assessed were overweight, obesity, high waist circumference and high waist-to-height ratio. The frequency of breakfast consumption was assessed as: regular (5-7 times/week); irregular (1-4 times/week) and omission (never/almost never). Associations were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results The prevalence of skipping breakfast and irregular breakfast consumption were, respectively, 14.5% and 23.6% for men and 14.6% and 24.7% for women. In males, skipping breakfast was directly associated with obesity (aPR=1,74; CI95%=1,05;2,88), high waist circumference (aPR=2,10; CI95%=1,31;3,35), and high waist/height ratio (aPR =1,59; CI95%=1,13;2,23). Among women, higher prevalence of obesity (aPR= 1.90, 95%CI= 1.16;3.12) was found among those who had breakfast irregularly, and skipping breakfast was associated with high waist/height ratio (aPR=1,51; CI95%=1,03;2,20). Irregular breakfast consumption was only associated with obesity in women and was not associated with any of the outcomes assessed among men. Conclusion Skipping breakfast was associated with abdominal adiposity in both sexes, and also with total adiposity among men. Irregular breakfast consumption was associated only with obesity in women. Regular breakfast consumption should be included among the objectives of actions to promote healthy eating habits at universities.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a frequência do consumo de desjejum e sua associação com a adiposidade corporal em estudantes universitários. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de 2.179 estudantes com idade de 16 a 25 anos, matriculados em 21 cursos de período integral, coletados entre 2015 e 2018. Os desfechos avaliados foram excesso de peso, obesidade, circunferência da cintura elevada e relação cintura/altura elevada. A frequência de consumo do desjejum foi avaliada em: regular (5-7 vezes/semana); irregular (1-4 vezes/semana) e omissão (nunca/quase nunca). As associações foram estimadas por modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados As prevalências de omissão e consumo irregular de desjejum foram, respectivamente, 14,5% e 23,6% para homens e 14,6% e 24,7% para mulheres. No sexo masculino a omissão do desjejum associou-se diretamente à obesidade (RPa=1,74; IC95%=1,05;2,88), à circunferência da cintura elevada (RPa=2,10; IC95%=1,31;3,35) e relação cintura/altura elevada (RPa =1,59; IC95%=1,13;2,23). Entre as mulheres, a omissão do desjejum associou-se à relação cintura/altura elevada (RPa=1,51; IC95%=1,03;2,20). O consumo irregular do desjejum foi associado apenas à obesidade em mulheres e não foi associado a nenhum dos desfechos avaliados entre os homens. Conclusão A omissão do desjejum associou-se à adiposidade abdominal em ambos os sexos e também à adiposidade total entre os homens. O consumo irregular do desjejum foi associado apenas à obesidade entre as mulheres. O consumo regular do desjejum deve ser incluído entre os objetivos de ações de promoção da alimentação saudável nas universidades.

Incidence of depressive symptoms and its association with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle-related behaviors among Brazilian university students.

Entering university brings on changes in lifestyle and psychological stress and has been associated with increased risk of 1988 in college students. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of depressive symptoms and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among university students. A dynamic cohort of freshmen was followed up for three years, starting at their entry to university (baseline) and then annually. A structured auto administered questionnaire was applied to obtain information on age, sex, economic class, living situation, smoking and drinking, sedentary and sleep behaviors, and change in physical activity after university admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9. Incidence and incidence rate of depressive symptoms were calculated. Poisson Regression with robust variance was used to identify risk factors associated to these disorders. A total of 1,034 students without depressive symptoms at baseline were investigated. The overall incidence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% and the incidence rate (IR) was 2.12, being greater for females (2.75) than males (1.65). The IR decreased over time for both males (from 2.61 to 0.41) and females (from 4.25 to 0.54). A greater risk of depressive symptoms was observed for younger male students compared to those ≥20 years old (IRRadj = 1.64) and for women who reported concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco compared to those that reported no smoking and no alcohol consumption. For both males (IRRadj = 2.80) and females (IRRadj = 1.91), severe stress level was associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms when compared to mild stress level. Depressive Symptoms occurred more significantly in females, in the early years of undergraduate course, in males <20 years old, and among those with high stress level. Understanding the possible causes of depression is essential to promote mental health and well-being among college student.

Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results.

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.

Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results / Estudo Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida e Saúde em Estudantes Universitários (ELESEU): delineamento, procedimentos metodológicos e resultados preliminares / Estudio Longitudinal sobre el Estilo de Vida y la Salud de Estudiantes Universitarios (ELESEU): diseño, procedimientos metodológicos, y resultados preliminares

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.

O ingresso na universidade, para o aluno, pode provocar mudanças significativas no perfil de exposição a riscos para a saúde. O artigo tem como objetivo descrever o delineamento e procedimentos metodológicos adotados pelo Estudo Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida e Saúde em Estudantes Universitários (ELESEU). O estudo tem como base uma coorte dinâmica de estudantes universitários matriculados em tempo integral em uma universidade pública no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coorte teve início em 2015 e terá quatro anos de seguimento, com a conclusão prevista para 2018. Um questionário auto-administrado contém perguntas sobre características demográficas e socioeconômicas e informações sobre condições de saúde e fatores de risco, tais como estilo de vida, estresse percebido, sintomas de depressão, imagem corporal, comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares, auto-percepção da saúde e qualidade da dieta e outras questões relacionadas à nutrição e saúde. Também são registradas medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial. São coletados dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas e medidas de colesterol, triglicerídeos e glicose capilar em 50% dos estudantes. Em 2015, 495 participantes (82,6% dos estudantes elegíveis) foram avaliados no estudo de linha de base. Destes, 348 (70,3%) foram reavaliados em 2016. Em 2016, 566 participantes foram incluídos na coorte (81% dos estudantes elegíveis). O estudo ajudará a identificar fatores que possam influenciar mudanças na saúde nutricional e estado metabólico de adultos jovens durante a vida universitária.

La admisión a la universidad puede provocar cambios significativos en el patrón de exposición a los riesgos de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el diseño del estudio y los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados en el Estudio Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida y Salud de Estudiantes Universitario (ELESEU). Este estudio examina una cohorte dinámica de estudiantes a tiempo completo en una universidad pública en el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Esta investigación, que empezó en 2015, tendrá 4 años de seguimiento y está previsto que finalice en 2018. Se utiliza un cuestionario autoadministrado, que contiene preguntas respecto a las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, e información sobre condiciones de salud y factores de riesgo tales como: estilo de vida, estrés percibido, síntomas de depresión, imagen corporal, riesgo de desórdenes en el comportamiento alimenticio, autoevaluación de salud y calidad de la dieta, así como otros asuntos relacionados con la nutrición y la salud. Las medidas antropométricas, así como la toma de presión arterial también fueron recogidas. Se recogieron dos encuestas alimentarias de 24-horas, análisis de colesterol, triglicéridos, y muestras de glucosa capilar en un 50% de los estudiantes. En 2015, 495 participantes (un 82,6% de los estudiantes elegibles) fueron evaluados en este estudio de referencia. De ellos, a 348 (un 70,3%) se les realizó un seguimiento en 2016. En 2016, 566 participantes fueron incluidos en la cohorte (81% de los estudiantes elegibles). Este estudio nos ayudará a identificar los factores que tal vez influencien en cambios nutricionales, de salud, y metabólicos en el estado de adultos jóvenes durante su vida universitaria.

Consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados / Consumption of fruit, greens and vegetables in the Midwest region of Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Resumo Estudo transversal, baseado em dados do sistema de monitoramento por inquérito telefônico - VIGITEL, com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao consumo recomendado de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) em 6696 indivíduos com idade ≥ 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, em 2012. O consumo recomendado foi a variável dependente e variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e relacionadas à saúde foram as independentes. A prevalência do consumo recomendado de FLV foi de 26,3%, sendo maior entre as mulheres (RPaj = 1,44; IC95% = 1,29-1,62). A regressão de Poisson entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes mostrou maior prevalência do consumo recomendado entre as mulheres residentes no Distrito Federal, casadas e que consideravam seu estado de saúde como bom/muito bom. Em ambos os sexos, observou-se associação direta do desfecho com a escolaridade, idade e prática de atividade física e associação inversa com o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis. Devido à baixa prevalência do consumo recomendado de FLV na população da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil no ano de 2012, propõe-se que as estratégias de intervenção para melhorar o consumo desses alimentos sejam feitas de forma globalizada.

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the VIGITEL telephone health monitoring survey, aiming to describe the prevalence of adequate fruit, greens and vegetable intake and to identify associated factors. This population-based study included 6696 individuals aged ≥ 18 years, living in the Midwest of Brazil, in 2012. The adequate consumption of fruit, greens and vegetables (FGV) was the dependent variable and sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors were the independent variables. The prevalence of adequate FGV consumption was 26.3%, being higher among women (RPaj = 1.44; CI95% = 1.29-1.62). The Poisson regression showed that the adequate consumption of FGV was higher among women resident in the Federal District, married and who considered their own health as good/very good. In both genders there was a direct association with education, age and physical activity and inversely associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. Due to the low prevalence of adequate fruit, greens and vegetable intake in the population of Brazil's Midwest region in 2012, it is proposed that the intervention strategies to increase the consumption of these foods should be encouraged in a global manner.

Self-reported dyslipidemia in central-west Brazil: prevalence and associated factors.

Lipid disorders are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and its control may reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. Knowledge of the factors associated with this injury may subsidize campaigns to encourage change in the population's lifestyle. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to identify associated factors. Cross-sectional population-based study, with individual data from the Telephone Survey on Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases Surveillance System (VIGITEL). It included 7,975 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years living in state capitals in the central-west of Brazil, in the year 2009. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 15%, increased with age (p = < 0.01) did and not differ significantly according to sex. After adjustments, the variables that were directly associated with the outcome were overweight (p = < 0.01), obesity (p = < 0.01) and self-rated health as poor (p = < 0.01). Regular consumption of bean (≥ 5 days/week) was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia (p = < 0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the central-west of Brazil was increased with age and was associated with bean consumption, excess weight (overweight and obesity) and self-rated health as poor.

Dislipidemia autorreferida na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados / Self-reported dyslipidemia in central-west Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

As dislipidemias são fatores de risco para a doença aterosclerótica e seu controle poderá reduzir a morbidade hospitalar e a mortalidade por doença arterial coronariana. O objetivo do artigo é estimar a prevalência de dislipidemias e identificar fatores associados. Estudo de corte transversal de base populacional com dados individuais do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). Foram incluídos 7.975 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 18 anos, residentes nas capitais dos estados da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, no ano de 2009. As associações foram estimadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de dislipidemia foi de 15%, crescente com a idade (p = < 0,01) e não diferiu significativamente quanto ao sexo. Após ajustes, as variáveis que se associaram diretamente com o desfecho foram: sobrepeso (p = < 0,01), obesidade (p = < 0,01) e a autoavaliação do estado de saúde ruim (p = < 0,01). O consumo regular de feijão (≥ 5 dias/semana) associou-se inversamente com a prevalência de dislipidemias (p = < 0,01). A prevalência de dislipidemia na Região Centro-Oeste foi crescente com a idade e associada ao consumo de feijão, excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) e autoavaliação do estado de saúde ruim.

Lipid disorders are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and its control may reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. Knowledge of the factors associated with this injury may subsidize campaigns to encourage change in the population's lifestyle. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to identify associated factors. Cross-sectional population-based study, with individual data from the Telephone Survey on Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases Surveillance System (VIGITEL). It included 7,975 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years living in state capitals in the central-west of Brazil, in the year 2009. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 15%, increased with age (p = < 0.01) did and not differ significantly according to sex. After adjustments, the variables that were directly associated with the outcome were overweight (p = < 0.01), obesity (p = < 0.01) and self-rated health as poor (p = < 0.01). Regular consumption of bean (≥ 5 days/week) was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia (p = < 0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the central-west of Brazil was increased with age and was associated with bean consumption, excess weight (overweight and obesity) and self-rated health as poor.