ABSTRACT
Two pigs were dosed with 5 and 10g/kg bw of fresh Perreyia flavipes larvae collected at the municipality of Pelotas. Two other pigs were dosed with 0.87 and 1.7g/kg of dry P. flavipes (equivalent to 5 and 10g/kg bw of fresh larvae). Another pig was dosed with 0.17g/kg of dry larvae, daily, during 20d. Forty-eight hours after the ingestion, all pigs that ingested single doses showed clinical signs and marked rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamiltransferase were also slightly increased. The pig dosed with 10g/kg of fresh larvae died in 96h. The others recovered in 4-5days after ingestion. No clinical signs were observed in the pigs dosed during 20d with 0.17g/kg of dry larvae. The main lesion observed in the pig dosed whit 10g/kg of fresh larvae was a centrilobular liver necrosis. These results confirmed the toxicity of P. flavipes for swine, demonstrated that the larvae maintain the toxicity after being dried, and suggest no cumulative effect in the larval toxicity. The larvae collected in the field were conditioned in boxes containing swards of native grasses and covered with gauze to prevent the escape of adults on emergence. The larvae pupated from August 11 to September 25. Emergency of adults occurred from February 10 to March 4. Adult females and males live only for 18-36 and 24-48h, respectively. The eggs had an incubation period of 26-33d. The larval period extend from March 1 to August 24.
Subject(s)
Hymenoptera/chemistry , Liver Diseases/veterinary , Swine Diseases/etiology , Toxins, Biological/poisoning , Animals , Female , Hymenoptera/anatomy & histology , Hymenoptera/growth & development , Larva/anatomy & histology , Liver Diseases/enzymology , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Liver Function Tests , Male , Swine , Swine Diseases/enzymology , Transaminases/bloodABSTRACT
From June 1979 to December 1984 a study was made of the frequency and causes of acute hepatitis, including the fulminant form, in Boca do Acre municipality, in the extreme southwestern corner of the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Serologic studies were done by the radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay techniques. Earlier studies of serologic prevalence had indicated that hepatitis Aand hepatitis B were highly endemic throughout the region and that most people were infected during the first ten years of life. Hepatitis A caused 37 per cent of reported cases; it was the predominant type among children over 5 years of age and produced an epidemic pattern. Hepatitis B accounted for 48 per cent of the cases and was a leading cause of disease in both children and adults. Non-A, non-B hepatitis was encountered chiefly in older adults. The incidence of acute and fulminant hepatitis was 3.33 and 0.365 cases per 1 000 persons/year, respectively. In more than 85 per cent of the cases of fulminant hepatitis there was an active hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and patient sera tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The most frequent single cause of fulminant hepatitis was superinfection by delta virus of carriers of HBV. The rates of fulminant acute hepatitis found in Boca do Acre are considerably higher than those reported previously in other parts of Brazil or of the Americas
