[Pathogenesis of lower limb diabetic angiopathies in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / K patogenezu diabeticheskikh angiopatii nizhnikh konechnostei u bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Some indices of the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the levels of IRI, C-peptide, glycosylated Hb and glycemia (on an empty stomach) were investigated in 131 patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (the patients ranged in age from 40 to 60). Correlation analysis has shown that derangements in the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism and LPO are correlated and interrelated, resulting in disorder of the arterial blood flow in the lower limbs and hence to the development and progression of diabetic angiopathies. The authors have proposed a scheme of LPO involvement in the development of lower limb diabetic angiopathies.

[The importance of food and drug plant factors in the combined treatment of patients with type-II diabetes mellitus]. / Znachenie pishchevykh i lekarstvennykh rastitel'nykh faktorov v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

A study was made of the effect of natural (vegetable dish) and refined (food methylcellulose--MC-100 and citrus pectin) vegetable fibers and Arfazetin (antidiabetic species, USSR) on the level of glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide, glucagon and gastrin in the blood of 41 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. These parameters were investigated on an empty stomach, 1, 2 and 4 h after breakfast I with a standard set of foodstuffs and minimum content of nutritive fibers. Similar investigations were conducted after intake of the same breakfast I in combination with various vegetable components. All the vegetable factors under study were shown to contribute to a decrease in a value of a glycemic rise noted after food intake. A vegetable dish and Arfazetin equally caused a significant rise of IRI secretion and C-peptide 60-90 min. after breakfast. MC-100 and particularly pectin decreased IRI and C-peptide secretion. There was a significant rise of gastrin secretion 1, 2 and 4 h when pectin was added to breakfast. When Arfazetin, a vegetable dish and MC-100 were added to breakfast I, a tendency to a rise of serum gastrin was observed 1 h after breakfast. The level of IRG during investigations with vegetable components did not differ from the results of investigations without these components.

[The use of fat and protein metabolic indices in assessing the compensation status of diabetics]. / Ispol'zovanie nekotorykh pokazatelei zhirovogo i belkovogo obmena pri otsenke sostoianiia kompensatsii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The examination of 448 patients with diabetes mellitus has shown that the use of indices of cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, residual nitrogen, urea and creatinine using range normal limits permits the assessment in combination with clinical findings of the state of compensation. Change in the state of fat and protein metabolism was shown to be related, to a great extent, with a type of diabetes rather than with a patient's age.

[Use of the monopeak insulin drugs "insulrap" and "insulong" in the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus]. / Primenenie monopikovykh preparatov insulina "insulrap" i "insulong" v lechenii sakharnogo diabeta I tipa.

A study was made of the effectiveness of the use of new monopeak insulin drugs of short-term and prolonged action in therapy of 30 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effect of the drugs was estimated during a follow-up (1-6 mos.) by the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and the time course of serum insulin binding capacity as well as by change in a dose of insulin as compared to that of the common Soviet drugs of the insulin-zink-suspension (IZS) group and monopeak drugs of the Long group. The drugs under study were shown to be no inferior to the monopeak drugs of the Long group and in some cases superior to the drugs of the IZS group. A significant decrease in the titer of antibodies to insulin against a background of therapy was unnoticed. Positive and negative qualities of both drugs (Insulrap and Insulong) were discussed.

[Value of determining serum enzyme activity during the exercise test in evaluating the functional condition of patients with ischemic heart disease and concomitant diabetes mellitus]. / Znachenie opredeleniia aktivnosti fermentov v syvorotke krovi pri provedenii proby s fizicheskoi nagruzkoi dlia otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoianiia bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s soputstvuiushchim sakharnym diabetom.

Exercise-induced changes in the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) and its isoenzymes, CK, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, were examined in postmyocardial-infarction coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus and 18 chronic coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus. Patients from both groups showed increased total LDG and LDG-5 activity at rest and reduced total LDG, LDG-1, LDG-2 and LDG-3 activity in response to exercise, which may be an evidence of prevailing anaerobic glycolysis as a manifestation of tissue hypoxia. Rationed bicycle ergometric exercise produces no rise in blood CK, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities in coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus, suggesting that exercise of this kind has no damaging effect on myocardial and skeletal-muscle myocytes.

[Pancreatic hormone secretion in patients with newly detected diabetes mellitus]. / Izuchenie sekretsii gormonov podzheludochnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh s vpervye vyiavlennym sakharnym diabetom.

The level of pancreatic hormones was studied in 10 healthy persons and in 40 patients with diabetes mellitus detected for the first time by GTT, their body mass being normal. For assessment of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), the level of proinsulin and biological activity of serum insulin were determined, and these indices were compared with glucose and C-peptide levels. The examinees' inhomogeneity was shown; on the basis of the findings obtained 2 groups were identified. A decrease in the levels of IRI, C-peptide and biological activity of serum insulin in the 1st group indicated a possibility of type I diabetes mellitus in such patients. Hyperinsulinemia, not correlating with glucose and C-peptide, a high percentage of proinsulin and low biological activity of serum insulin were noted in the 2nd group. The study permitted a differentiated approach to assessment of patients and a choice of therapeutic tactics.

[Arfazetin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. / Arfezetin v lechenii sakharnogo diabeta.

Hypoglycemic activity of arfazetin, a Soviet antidiabetic species of medicinal plants, was studied in 32 patients with diabetes mellitus, types I and II. Arfazetin was administered to patients with diabetes mellitus, type I, in combination with a diet and an adequate dose of insulin. All the patients with diabetes mellitus, type II, were given infusion in addition to a diet and hypoglycemic drugs. The conclusions were the following. The species possessed hypoglycemic activity. In patients with diabetes mellitus, type II, it made it possible to decrease or even give up a daily dose of hypoglycemic drugs per os. In patients with diabetes mellitus, type II, arfazetin produced no significant effect on the level of hypoglycemia. The optimum daily dose of arfazetin was 1 glass of infusion prepared ex tempore out of 5 g of dried species to be taken 30 min. before meal (one-third of glass) 3 times a day for one month.

[Use of human insulin preparations in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Primenenie preparatov chelovecheskogo insulina pri lechenii bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The authors presented the results of a study of human insulin drugs Monotard HM and Actrapid HM (Novo, Denmark) for type I diabetes mellitus. They stressed their efficacy in therapy of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a course of disease became less labile, the time of achieving compensation was reduced; the drugs proved to be effective in the treatment of post-injection insulinlipodystrophies, in body mass deficiency; a tendency to a decrease in daily insulin requirement, serum insulin binding capacity, and in increase in the content of free insulin were noted.

[Somatotropin, prolactin and thyrotropin levels of the plasma during the thyroliberin test in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Uroven' somatotropina, prolaktina i tireotropina v plazme krovi pri provedenii proby s tiroliberinom u bol'nykh insulin-nezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The paper is concerned with the assessment of hypophyseal somatotropic, prolactotropic and thyrotropic functions during the TRH test in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with noticeable signs of diabetic retinopathy. No changes in hypophyseal somatotropic, prolactotropic and thyrotropic functions during the TRH test were noted in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without diabetic microangiopathies.

[Combined use of automatic systems for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Kompleksnoe ispol'zovanie avtomaticheskikh sistem dlia lecheniia bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom I tipa.

The efficacy of the combined consecutive use of the apparatus "Artificial Pancreas" (Biostator) and portable dosing apparatuses of insulin (Microjet) was investigated in 21 patients with type I diabetes mellitus in order to work out a method for glycemia correction. Preliminary results of the use of Biostator provided an opportunity for preparing an adequate scheme of insulin administration using microdosing apparatuses. The method made it possible to reduce the time for achieving compensation of the disease and attaining partial remission in patients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus.

[Levels of various pituitary and pancreatic hormones in the blood of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Uroven' nekotorykh gormonov gipofiza i podzheludochnoi zhelezy v krovi bol'nykh insulinonezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The level of pituitary hormones (somatotropin and prolactin) and pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon) was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood of patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic microangiopathies, in the state of decompensation and during treatment. Forty-four patients aged 26 to 60 years were examined. Some patients with insulin-independent diabetes with and without diabetic microangiopathies demonstrated an elevation of blood insulin and glucagon. The blood somatotropin level was found to be increased in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus with diabetic microangiopathies in the state of decompensation. No correlations were established between prolactin and insulin levels, somatotropin and insulin levels in the blood of patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. During treatment, one could see a decrease in the somatotropin content and a tendency toward elevation in the insulin content and reduction in the glucagon level in patients with insulin-independent diabetes with diabetic microangiopathies.