ABSTRACT
This report is devoted to the soluble transferrin receptors. We analyzed the comparison between ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors and C reactive protein. The soluble receptor measurement represents a significal advance in assessment of iron status, especially in the diagnosis of iron deficiency associated with inflammation, and in the evaluation of red blood mass during erythroid hyperplasias.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Antigens, CD/blood , Iron/blood , Receptors, Transferrin/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Antigens, CD/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD/genetics , Antigens, CD/physiology , Biomarkers , Bone Marrow/pathology , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Erythrocyte Volume , Erythropoiesis , Gene Expression Regulation , Homeostasis , Humans , Hyperplasia , Iron Deficiencies , Receptors, Transferrin/biosynthesis , Receptors, Transferrin/genetics , Receptors, Transferrin/physiology , Reference Values , Solubility , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) have demonstrated advantages including prevention of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency; however, too much EFA can down regulate fatty acid elongation leading to an imbalance of nutritional compounds in plasma and cell membranes. An olive oil-based ILE containing long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) with a low content (20 %) of PUFA was administered for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and compared with a conventional soyabean oil-based ILE (PUFA content, 60 %). Thirteen patients (26-92 years) with stable intestinal failure were randomised after a 1-month run-in period with a medium-chain triacylglycerols-LCT-based ILE, to receive 3 months of HPN with either olive oil- (n 6) or soyabean oil-based (n 7) ILE. The nutritional impact and safety of HPN, oral intakes and absorption rates, phospholipid fatty acids in plasma and lymphocyte cell membrane were assessed. The only clinical event reported was one case of pneumonia (soya group). In both groups, 20 : 3n-9:20 : 4n-6 ratios remained within normal ranges (0.03-0.07). There was a significant increase of gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-LA) in plasma and lymphocyte cell membrane (P=0.02) and of oleic acid in plasma (P<0.01) in the olive compared with the soya group. A significant correlation was found between gamma-LA (day 90 - day 0) in plasma and PUFA parenteral intakes (P=0.02), but neither with fat intakes nor with fat absorption rates. In conclusion, plasma and lymphocyte EFA pattern remained in normal ranges without EFA deficiency with both lipid emulsions, despite a lower content of n-3 and n-6 series with the olive oil-based ILE.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Diseases/therapy , Parenteral Nutrition, Home/methods , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Soybean Oil/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/metabolism , Double-Blind Method , Emulsions/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Liver Diseases/metabolism , Lymphocytes/chemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Oleic Acid/blood , Olive Oil , gamma-Linolenic Acid/analysis , gamma-Linolenic Acid/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A new intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) prepared from a mixture of soybean and olive oils contains only long-chain triacylglycerols, with a low proportion (20%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids and 60% monounsaturated fatty acids. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to assess in children the efficacy and safety of this new ILE compared with a control group receiving a soybean-oil emulsion. DESIGN: Eighteen children received for 2 mo 24% of nonprotein energy (1.80 g kg (-)(1) d(-)(1)) either as the new ILE or a soybean oil-based emulsion. Assessments were performed on days -30, 0, 30, and 60 and the changes (day 60 - day 0) assessed by analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in triacylglycerol, apolipoproteins A-I and B, or HDL cholesterol between the 2 groups, whereas total and LDL cholesterol were higher in the soybean oil group on day 60. The pattern of 20:4n-6 in erythrocyte membranes did not change significantly, nor did the ratio of 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6. On day 60, 18:1n-9 was significantly higher in the olive oil group, the ratio of Sigma(n)-6 > C(18) + 18:3n-6 to 18:2n-6 was 2.20 +/- 0.09 in the olive oil group and 1.33 +/- 0.16 in the soybean-oil group, and Sigma(n)-3 > C(18) was 3.83 +/- 0.30 in the olive oil group and 4. 03 +/- 0.33 in the soybean-oil group. The peroxidation index was lower after the olive oil treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The olive oil-based emulsion was well tolerated, maintained a normal EFA status, and may be more suitable for prevention of lipid peroxidation than the soybean-oil-based emulsion.
