Effect of ROS Inhalation on Systemic and Local Hemodynamics in Rats.

The effects of inhalation of singlet oxygen mixture, dry and humidified ozone-oxygen mixture, and ozonated oils on heart rate variability as well as on the rate and control mechanisms of microcirculation were examined in rats. The most optimal were the responses of systemic and regional hemodynamics to inhalation of the gas produced by a generator of singlet oxygen and humidified ozone-oxygen mixtures. Singlet oxygen stabilized the cardiac rhythm and augmented microcirculation via activation of "internal" (endothelial and neurogenic) regulatory mechanisms.

Modification of the Catalytic Properties of Erythrocyte Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Rats after Nitric Oxide Inhalation.

We studied aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in erythrocytes from healthy rats and animals with thermal trauma after NO inhalation. NO had an activating effect on catalytic properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase in healthy rats and burned animals. The effect of NO was more pronounced during burn disease.

[The effect of subchronic inhalations of nitric oxide on metabolic processes in blood of experimental animals].

Metabolic processes were investigated in plasma and erythrocytes of Wistar rats exposed to daily 10-min sessions of NO inhalation for 30 days. These included determination of glucose and lactate, catalase activity, and activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and catalase. NO inhalation in a concentration of 20 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm caused an increase in glucose and lactate. Inhalation of 100 ppm NO also increased catalase activity. Inhalation of all NO concentrations resulted in a decrease of ALDH activity, while the decrease in LDH activity was observed at NO concentrations of 50-100 ppm.

[INFLUENCE OF DINITROSYL IRON COMPLEXES ON OXIDATIVE METABOLISM UNDER EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL TRAUMA CONDITIONS].

We have studied the effect of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system under experimental thermal trauma (burn) conditions in three groups of rats, each containing 10 animals. Group 1 was intact control, groups 2 and 3 were subjected to model thermal trauma, and group 3 were daily intraperitoneally injected with 3 ml of 0.3 mM of aqueous DNIC solution for 10 days. In addition, the DNIC solution action was studied in vitro on isolated human blood with oxidative stress conditions induced by high doses of ozone. All blood samples (both in vitro and in vivo) were characterized with respect to lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant activity, and erythrocyte resistance to peroxidation. It is established that DNIC leads to optimization of blood pro- and antioxidant systems in animals subjected to thermal trauma associated with pronounced oxidative stress. This effect was manifested by clear reduction (normalization) of lipid peroxidation with noticeable increase in the antioxidant potential of blood plasma. This tendency was also observed for erythrocyte membranes. The antioxidant action of DNIC was also confirmed by the results of in vitro experiments on human blood with model of oxidative stress.

[Comparative analysis of action of nitric oxide as a free radical and its storage form on the state of pro- and antioxidant blood systems].

The dynamics of oxidative metabolism in healthy people's blood (n = 30) under the influence of gaseous nitric oxide and dinitrosyl iron complexes is explored. In all blood samples we studied lipid peroxidation intensity and malonic dialdehyde in plasma and erythrocytes, plasma antioxidant potential and activity of superoxide dismutase. During our investigations it was possible for the first time to identify the peculiarities in the responses of pro- and antioxidant blood systems in vitro to the treatment with nitrogen monoxide as the free. radical and its storage form (as a component of dinitrosyl iron complexes). So, a pronounced prooxidant effect for the gas flow from the "Plazon" apparatus moderately decreases when a tenfold dilution of a NO-containing mixture is made. Gas flow from the experimental NO-generator causes minimal prooxidant action, and injection of water solution of dinitrosyl iron complexes in blood specimens leads to an antioxidant action, as limitation of lipoperoxidation processes in plasma and stimulation of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes.

[Influence of nitric oxide inhalations on oxidative and energy metabolism of blood in rats].

The aim of this work was the investigation of nitric oxide (NO) inhalations action on some parameters of energy and oxidative metabolism of healthy rats blood. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (without any manipulations; n = 10) and main group (n = 10) with inhalations by NO-containing gas flow (20 ppm). Activity of pro- and antioxidant systems, superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase and lactate level were estimated in rats blood samples. We observed stimulation of adaptive reserves of rats organism after course of NO (20 ppm) inhalations. First component of these changes was a modulation of pro- and antioxidant systems, including intensification of lipid peroxidation with prevalent activation of superoxide dismutase. Second component was a positive modification of lactate dehydrogenase functioning.

Influence of NO-containing gas flow on various parameters of energy metabolism in erythrocytes.

We studied the influence of NO-containing gas phase on some parameters of energy metabolism in human erythrocytes. Whole blood samples were aerated with gas flows from the Plazon instrument (NO concentrations 800 and 80 ppm) and from the experimental generator (75 ppm). Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in direct and reverse reactions, lactate level, and a number of derived coefficients were estimated. Treatment of blood with 800 ppm NO inhibited erythrocyte energy metabolism, and its 10-fold dilution attenuated the effect. The use of ROS-free gas flow containing 75 ppm of NO promoted optimization of the process under investigation.

The study of the complexes of nitromedicine with cytochrome c and NO-containing aqueous dosage form in the wound treatment of rats.

The interaction of cytochrome c with nitromedicines, such as 5-nitrofural, 5-nitroxoline, metronidazole and sodium nitrite which enables the generation of nitric oxide or nitrosyl complexes in the presence of ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate in acid medium has been investigated. The pharmaceutical compositions containing cytochrome c and nitromedicine complexes as active substances were studied in the experiments by using rats. It has been shown that positive local and systemic effects were estimated when NO-containing gel was used at burn treatment. These positive effects at the local level are due to a sufficient microcirculation index which indicates intensification of the blood flow in the microvessels in the injured area. These effects at the systemic level provide maintenance of the general heart rhythm and gradual recovery of the vegetative balance which is not observed in the animals of the control group.

[Studying the influence of some reactive oxygen species on physical and chemical parameters of blood].

The aim of this work was to estimate the dynamics of blood physical and chemical parameters when blood specimens were processed by singlet oxygen in vitro. Our experiments were executed with whole blood specimens of healthy people (n=10). Each specimen was divided into five separate portions of 5 ml. The first portion was a control (without any exposures). The second one was processed by an oxygen-ozone mixture (at ozone concentration of 500 mcg/l, the third portion--by oxygen, and the fourth and fifth ones were processed by a gas mixture with singlet oxygen (50 and 100% of generator power). In blood samples after processing we studied the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte and plasma levels of glucose and lactate, acid-base balance and the partial pressure of gases in blood. It was found out, that blood processing by singlet oxygen leads to optimization of energy, detoxication and antioxidant enzymes functioning with changes in plasma and erythrocyte level of glucose and lactate, normalization of blood gases level and acid-base balance. Our results show, that the effect of singlet oxygen on enzyme activity is more pronounced than exposure to an oxygen-ozone gas mixture.

Enzymological evaluation of hepatotropic effect of ozone in a subchronic experiment.

Hepatotoxicity of ozone in total systems treatment was evaluated by the functioning of hepatic oxidoreductases. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase were measured in liver homogenates of Wistar rats, injected daily with saline with saturating ozone concentrations of 3000, 10,000, and 40,000 µg/liter or placebo for 30 days. Systemic ozone treatment had a two-step effect on the hepatic oxidoreductases. Low doses (0.6 µg) promoted a moderate physiological stimulation of the enzymes, while in doses >2 µg ozone led to progressive tissue hypoxia and accumulation of toxic products in the liver.

[Modification of blood plasma crystallogenesis with nitrogen oxide processing].

The aim of this work is to estimate crystallogenic properties of human blood serum processed by gas nitric oxide. Blood samples of ten healthy patients were processed by cold plasma with NO (800 mcg/l). The true and initiated (by 0.9% sodium chloride solution) crystallogenesis of non- and NO-processed blood serum was estimated. It was stated, that as a result of gas nitric oxide processing crystallogenic properties of blood serum undergo a series of specific and nonspecific transformations, the most obvious one is the formation of a raised band in the marginal zone of the facia.