ABSTRACT
Black bears (Ursus americanus) are commonly exposed to Toxoplasma gondii. However, there are no reports of exposure or infection with T. gondii in black bears from Oklahoma. The purpose of our project was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in black bears collected in Oklahoma. Additionally, since only serum was available from these bears, we sought to determine if DNA extraction and PCR amplification for T. gondii was possible on serum samples from bears with positive titers. Seroprevalence was determined using modified agglutination test (MAT). Serum was collected from 44 live-trapped bears in southeastern Oklahoma; 32 (73% ± 58-84%) had antibodies against T. gondii. Seroprevalence in adult bears (85% ± 67-95%) was significantly higher (p = 0.028) than yearlings (33.0% ± 56-80%). Adult bears were 3.4 times more likely to have antibodies to T. gondii than yearlings. From the bears with positive titers, T. gondii DNA was detected in 12 of the 32 seropositive samples by PCR of the B1 gene, with two of the samples showing variation in two nucleotide positions when compared with available sequences. Multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping of these 12 samples revealed three ToxoDB genotypes, including #2 (type III, haplogroup 3), #4 (type XII, haplogroup 12), and #74 (haplogroup 12). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in black bears from Oklahoma. Our results indicate that exposure and infection with T. gondii in black bears from Oklahoma is common.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Toxoplasma/genetics , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Ursidae/parasitology , Agglutination Tests , Animals , DNA/isolation & purification , Genotype , Oklahoma/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la rumiación y el apoyo social sobre el burnout y el bienestar psicológico en funcionarios de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de alta complejidad en Chile. Se propuso un modelo de influencia indirecta del brooding sobre el bienestar psicológico, mediado por el apoyo social y el burnout. Para ello, fueron encuestados 136 funcionarios, de los cuales el 81,9% se encontraban entre los 23 y los 59 años de edad, siendo el 85,3% mujeres y el 14,7% hombres. Se empleó el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (PWB), la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido de Zimet (MSPSS) y la Escala de Respuesta Rumiativa de Treynor, González y Nolen-Hoeksema (RRS). Los resultados muestran relaciones directas entre el apoyo social y el bienestar, y entre el brooding y burnout, así como relaciones inversas entre el apoyo social y el burnout, y entre el brooding y el bienestar. El modelo de mediación propuesto mostró adecuados índices de ajuste.
The working conditions in intensive care units (ICUs) are related to a high risk of burnout. In this study we aim to measure the influence of rumination and social support on burnout and psychological well-being in members of the staff of an ICU in a reference hospital in Chile. We proposed a model showing an indirect influence of brooding mediated by social support and burnout on the psychological well-being. We surveyed one hundred and thirty six employees (81.9% of the total) of ages 23 to 59 years of age. This sample consisted of 85.3% women and 14.7% men. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (PWB), Zimet's Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Ruminative Responses Scale by Treynor et al (RRS). Results indicated direct relations between social support and well-being, and between brooding and burnout. They also indicated inverse relations between social support and burnout, and between brooding and well-being. The mediation model showed adequate fitting indices.
Subject(s)
Humans , Intensive Care Units , Burnout, ProfessionalABSTRACT
During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and PCR testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. These findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in Colombia.
