A Novel Bioinspired Algorithm for Mixed and Incomplete Breast Cancer Data Classification.

The pre-diagnosis of cancer has been approached from various perspectives, so it is imperative to continue improving classification algorithms to achieve early diagnosis of the disease and improve patient survival. In the medical field, there are data that, for various reasons, are lost. There are also datasets that mix numerical and categorical values. Very few algorithms classify datasets with such characteristics. Therefore, this study proposes the modification of an existing algorithm for the classification of cancer. The said algorithm showed excellent results compared with classical classification algorithms. The AISAC-MMD (Mixed and Missing Data) is based on the AISAC and was modified to work with datasets with missing and mixed values. It showed significantly better performance than bio-inspired or classical classification algorithms. Statistical analysis established that the AISAC-MMD significantly outperformed the Nearest Neighbor, C4.5, Naïve Bayes, ALVOT, Naïve Associative Classifier, AIRS1, Immunos1, and CLONALG algorithms in conducting breast cancer classification.

Brain Hemorrhage Classification in CT Scan Images Using Minimalist Machine Learning.

Over time, a myriad of applications have been generated for pattern classification algorithms. Several case studies include parametric classifiers such as the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier, which is one of the most widely used today. Others use non-parametric classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Adaboost, and Random Forest (RF). However, there is still little work directed toward a new trend in Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is known as eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (X-AI). This new trend seeks to make Machine Learning (ML) algorithms increasingly simple and easy to understand for users. Therefore, following this new wave of knowledge, in this work, the authors develop a new pattern classification methodology, based on the implementation of the novel Minimalist Machine Learning (MML) paradigm and a higher relevance attribute selection algorithm, which we call dMeans. We examine and compare the performance of this methodology with MLP, NB, KNN, SVM, Adaboost, and RF classifiers to perform the task of classification of Computed Tomography (CT) brain images. These grayscale images have an area of 128 × 128 pixels, and there are two classes available in the dataset: CT without Hemorrhage and CT with Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage (IVH), which were classified using the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation method. Most of the models tested by Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation performed between 50% and 75% accuracy, while sensitivity and sensitivity ranged between 58% and 86%. The experiments performed using our methodology matched the best classifier observed with 86.50% accuracy, and they outperformed all state-of-the-art algorithms in specificity with 91.60%. This performance is achieved hand in hand with simple and practical methods, which go hand in hand with this trend of generating easily explainable algorithms.

AUTORREGULACIÓN Y MEJORA DEL AUTOCONOCIMIENTO EN RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS / Self-regulated and improving knowledge in problem-solving

El entrenamiento en autorregulación se ha mostrado eficaz para el logro de aprendizajes profundos y significativos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias inter e intragrupales antes y después de la intervención (entrenamiento autorregulado) en el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje. Se trabajó con una muestra de 41 estudiantes de educación secundaria: 19 en el grupo experimental (12 hombres y 7 mujeres) y 22 en el grupo control (5 hombres y 17 mujeres) con medias de edad comprendidas entre 15.40 y 15.50 años. Se utilizó un diseño experimental antes-después de grupo control equivalente. En el análisis intergrupo (antes-después de la intervención) se encontraron diferencias significativas en algunas estrategias de adquisición de la información a favor del grupo control y en estrategias de codificación de la información, recuperación y metacognitivas en el grupo experimental. En el análisis intragrupos se hallaron diferencias significativas a favor del grupo experimental en todas las estrategias de aprendizaje. En consecuencia el entrenamiento en autorregulación facilita el uso de estrategias relacionadas con un aprendizaje reflexivo.

The Self-regulated training is effective to developing deep and significant learning. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences before-after in self-regulation training in acquisition, coding, recovery, metacognition and support information learning strategies use. We work with 41 secondary students' 19 experimental group (12 men and 7 female) and 22 control group (5 men and 17 female) mean age range 15.40-15.50. We em-ployed an experimental design before-after equivalent control group. We found, inter group analysis, significant differences in control group to use some acquisition strategies and coding recovery and metacognition strategies in experimental group. Also, in intra group analysis, we found significant differences in experimental group to coding, recovery and metacognition strategies use. Consequently the self-regulated training improves the use strategies related with reflective learning.

Memory in Elementary School Children Is Improved by an Unrelated Novel Experience.

Education is the most traditional means with formative effect on the human mind, learning and memory being its fundamental support. For this reason, it is essential to find different strategies to improve the students performance. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that a novel experience could exert an enhancing effect on learning and memory within the school environment. Here we show that novel experience improved the memory of literary or graphical activities when it is close to these learning sessions. We found memory improvements in groups of students who had experienced a novel science lesson 1 hour before or after the reading of a story, but not when these events were 4 hours apart. Such promoting effect on long-term memory (LTM) was also reproduced with another type of novelty (a music lesson) and also after another type of learning task (a visual memory). Interestingly, when the lesson was familiar, it failed to enhance the memory of the other task. Our results show that educationally relevant novel events experienced during normal school hours can improve LTM for tasks/activities learned during regular school lessons. This effect is restricted to a critical time window around learning and is particularly dependent on the novel nature of the associated experience. These findings provide a tool that could be easily transferred to the classroom by the incorporation of educationally novel events in the school schedule as an extrinsic adjuvant of other information acquired some time before or after it. This approach could be a helpful tool for the consolidation of certain types of topics that generally demand a great effort from the children.

Programa de formación en competencias transversales o genéricas para el empleo y desarrollo de la profesión enfermera / Training programme on generic or transversal competencies for employment and development of the nursing profession

Resumen:

Las competencias transversales serían aquellas que rebasan los límites de una disciplina para desarrollarse potencialmente en todas ellas: habilidades necesarias para ejercer eficazmente cualquier profesión que no se consideran de forma explícita en una asignatura determinada, al menos en Ciencias de la Salud. Así ocurre en Enfermería, en la que por otra parte adquirir dichas competencias incide de una forma sustancial en la formación de profesionales para las demandas de la sociedad y del mercado de trabajo.

Nos planteamos la necesidad de establecer algún tipo de actuación que propicie la adquisición de competencias en este sentido, que no están cubiertas en las materias curriculares, y por ello se propone un programa piloto de formación en competencias básicas para el empleo, integrado por una serie de talleres que podrían ser desarrollados en uno de los dos últimos cursos del Grado en Enfermería.

Abstract:

Transversal competencies are those that exceed the limits of a discipline to develop potential in all of them: skills necessary to effectively exercise any profession that are not considered explicitly in a given subject, at least in Health Sciences. This is true in Nursing, which otherwise acquire such skills in a substantial impact on the training of professionals for the demands of society and labor market. We propose the need of some type of action that encourages the acquisition of skills in this regard, which are not covered in the curriculum materials, and therefore proposes a pilot training program in basic skills for employment and work, composed of a series of workshops that could be developed into one of the last two years of graduate programs in Nursing.

Competências transversales são aqueles que excedem os limites de uma disciplina para desenvolver o potencial em todos eles: habilidades necessárias para efetivamente exercer qualquer profissão que não são considerados explicitamente em um determinado assunto, pelo menos em Ciências da Saúde. Isto é verdade em Enfermagem, que de outra forma adquirir tais conhecimentos em um impacto substancial na formação de profissionais para as demandas da sociedade e do mercado de trabalho. Propomos a necessidade de algum tipo de ação que incentiva a aquisição de competências nesta matéria, que não são abrangidos no material curricular e, portanto, propõe um programa de treinamento de pilotos em competências básicas para o emprego eo trabalho, composto por uma série de workshops, que poderão ser desenvolvidas em um dos dois últimos anos de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem.

Capacitación, actividades empresariales y profesionales / Capacitation, prometer and profesional activities

Tomando en cuenta la restructuración económica del país, se presenta la situación actual de la mujer, así como una evaluación del avance o incremento de la participación femenina en los siguientes rubros: capacitación, actividades empresariales, actividades profesionales y actividades sindicales. El documento se divide en: I. Introducción II. Revisión e informe de la situación nacional III. Políticas, programas y acciones nacionales de apoyo a la mujer IV. Recomendaciones y propuestas para la acción a futuro V. Documentación y bibliografía directa consultada VI. Anexo estadístico.