Propensity score matched analysis of laparoscopic revisional and conversional sleeve gastrectomy with concurrent hiatal hernia repair.

INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes associated with concurrent hiatal hernia repair (CHHR) when performing a conversional or revisional vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). CHHR is often necessary during VSG due to potential gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) development or obstructive symptoms. METHODS: The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement (MBSAQIP) participant use file was assessed for the years 2015-2020 for revisional/conversional VSG procedures. The presence of CHHR was used to create two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed with E-analysis. RESULTS: There were 33,909 patients available, with 5986 undergoing the VSG procedure with CHHR. In the unmatched analysis, there was an increased frequency of patients being female (85.72 vs 83.30%; p < 0.001), having a history of GERD (38.01 vs 31.25%; p < 0.001), and being of older age (49.59 ± 10.97 vs 48.70 ± 10.83; p < 0.001). Patients undergoing VSG with CHHR experienced decreased sleep apnea (25.00 vs 28.84%; p < 0.001) and diabetes (14.27 vs 17.80%; p < 0.001). PSM yielded 5986 patient pairs. Matched patients with CHHR experienced increased operative time (115 min ± 53 vs 103 min ± 51; p < 0.001), increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (0.45 vs 0.15%; p = 0.005) and readmission (4.69 vs 3.58%; p = 0.002) within thirty days. However, patients undergoing CHHR with revisional or conversional VSG did not experience increased risk of death, postoperative bleeding, postoperative leak, or reoperations. CONCLUSION: Despite a small association with increased postoperative pneumonia, the rate of complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic revisional/conversional VSG and CHHR are low. CHHR is a safe option when combined with the laparoscopic revisional/conversional VSG procedure in the early postoperative period.

Concurrent paraesophageal hernia repair in revisional/conversional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: propensity score-matched analysis of the MBSAQIP database.

BACKGROUND: Patients requiring concurrent paraesophageal hernia repair (CPHR) have been shown to have favorable outcomes in primary bariatric surgery. However, patients requiring revisional or conversional surgery represent a group of patients with higher perioperative risk. Currently, few reports on concurrent paraesophageal hernia repair utilizing the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database are available. The primary aim of this study was to determine perioperative complications associated with CPHR and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as a revisional/conversional operation. METHODS: In this study, patients undergoing revisional/conversional RYGB between 2015 and 2020 were accessed via the MBSAQIP database. Patients were categorized based on the presence of a paraesophageal hernia as a concurrent procedure. Patients who underwent revisional/conversional surgery without additional procedures were utilized for controls. A propensity score-matched cohort was generated and E-analysis utilized to assess unmeasured confounding. RESULTS: After exclusions, 35,698 patients were available. Patients receiving CPHR were more likely to be female (90.79% vs 87.37%; p < 0.001) and have increased frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (69.20% vs 51.69%; p < 0.001). However, these patients had lower frequencies of sleep apnea (24.12% vs 30.13%; p < 0.001), hypertension requiring medication (38.51% vs 42.59%; p < 0.001), and decreased frequency of hyperlipidemia (19.44% vs 21.60%;p < 0.001). After matching, 6,231 patient pairs were developed and showed that patients undergoing CPHR were at increased risk of readmission (9.44% vs 7.58%; p < 0.001), intervention (3.56% vs 2.79%; p = 0.018), increased requirement for outpatient dehydration treatment (5.87% vs 4.67%;p = 0.004), and overall increased operation time (169.3 min ± 76.0 vs 153.5 ± 73.3; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant increases in the rates of reoperation, death, postoperative leak complications, or bleeding complications after CPHR. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing revisional/conversional RYGB with CPHR may be at higher risk for a small number of rare postoperative complications. CPHR is a safe procedure in patients undergoing revisional/conversional RYGB in the short-term postoperative period.

Hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for complications in revisional/conversional bariatric surgery: an MBSAQIP analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is a risk factor for serious complications after elective bariatric surgery. Patients undergoing revisional/conversional bariatric surgery may represent a higher-risk group who often have underlying co-morbid medical illnesses and more complex surgery. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the postoperative complications in patients with HA undergoing revisional/conversional bariatric surgery. SETTING: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP), years 2015-2019. METHODS: The MBSAQIP database was used to evaluate patients undergoing non-banding revisional/conversional bariatric surgery between 2015 and 2019. Patients were categorized by serum albumin (≤3.5 g/dL). Variables were assessed via bivariate analysis and multivariable regression. Propensity score matching was conducted to compare gastric bypass (RYGB) to sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven thousand four hundred thirty patients underwent revisional/conversional procedures. After applied exclusions, 58,777 patients were available for analysis. The HA group had a significantly (P < .05) higher prevalence of being black (22.95% versus 17.76%), renal insufficiency (1.08% versus .36%), smoking history (9.47% versus 6.91%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2.54% versus 1.33%), and history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (4.03% versus 2.3%). Postoperative complications associated with HA included perioperative blood transfusion (3.1% versus 1.27%; P < .001), 30day readmission (10.87 versus 6.77%; P < .001), 30day reoperation (4.9% versus 3.18%; P < .001), and 30day mortality (.40% versus .14%; P < .0001). HA was a significant predictor of 30day readmission in the RYGB versus VSG matched cohort (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.14, 1.48]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: HA is a risk factor requiring attention for patients undergoing revisional/conversional bariatric surgery and optimization of nutritional status or medical comorbidities associated with HA prior to bariatric surgery may help avoid postoperative complications.

Impact of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Stand-Alone Cox Maze IV Procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a strong and independent factor for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and adversely impacts the success of catheter ablation procedures for AF. This study evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes following surgical ablation of AF. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2019, 236 patients underwent a stand-alone biatrial Cox maze IV procedure (CMP-IV) for refractory AF. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Patients were divided into two groups: BMI <30 kg/m2 (n = 100) and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 136). Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) was determined using electrocardiography, Holter, or pacemaker interrogation at 1 year and annually thereafter. Recurrence was defined as any documented ATA lasting ≥30 s. Predictors of recurrence were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Preoperative and procedural outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: Obese patients had a higher rate of diabetes (16% vs 7%, P = 0.044) and larger left atrial diameter (4.9 ± 1.1 cm vs 4.6 ± 1.0 cm, P = 0.021) when compared to non-obese patients. There was no difference in major complication rate between the groups (4% vs 7%, P = 0.389). There was no operative mortality in either group. During 4.1 ± 2.4 years of follow-up, there was no significant difference in freedom from ATA with or without antiarrhythmic drugs in obese patients when compared to the non-obese group (P > 0.05). Absence of sinus rhythm at discharge predicted AF recurrence up to 7 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: As opposed to catheter ablation, obesity did not adversely impact the short and long-term outcomes of stand-alone surgical ablation with CMP-IV, and BMI was not a predictor of AF recurrence. Additionally, there was no significant increase in major complications in obese patients.

Efficacy of the stand-alone Cox-Maze IV procedure in patients with longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation.

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and results in significant morbidity and mortality. The Cox-Maze IV procedure (CMP-IV) has been shown to have excellent efficacy in returning patients to sinus rhythm, but there have been few reports of late follow-up in sizable cohorts of patients with longstanding persistent AF, the most difficult type of AF to treat. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between May 2003 and March 2020, 174 consecutive patients underwent a stand-alone CMP-IV for longstanding persistent AF. Rhythm outcome was assessed postoperatively for up to 10 years, primarily via prolonged monitoring (Holter monitor, pacemaker interrogation, or implantable loop recorder). Fine-Gray regression was used to investigate factors associated with atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) recurrence, with death as a competing risk. Median duration of preoperative AF was 7.8 years (interquartile range: 4.0-12.0 years), with 71% (124/174) having failed at least one prior catheter-based ablation. There were no 30-day mortalities. Freedom from ATAs was 94% (120/128), 83% (53/64), and 88% (35/40) at 1, 5, and 7 years, respectively. On regression analysis, preoperative AF duration and early postoperative ATAs were associated with late ATAs recurrence. CONCLUSION: Despite the majority of patients having a long-duration of preoperative AF and having failed at least one catheter-based ablation, the stand-alone CMP-IV had excellent late efficacy in patients with longstanding persistent AF, with low morbidity and no mortality. We recommend consideration of stand-alone CMP-IV for patients with longstanding persistent AF who have failed or are poor candidates for catheter ablation.