ABSTRACT
The chemical structure of the cell wall of two isolates of Verticillium fungicolacollected from diseased fruit bodies of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus treated with the fungicide Prochloraz-Mn was analyzed. The isolates were obtained during different periods of time and grown in the absence and presence of the LD(50) values of the fungicide for V. fungicola. In addition, another V. fungicola isolate collected previous to the routine utilization of Prochloraz-Mn but grown under the same conditions was also analyzed. The overall chemical composition of the cell wall from the three isolates showed detectable differences in their basic components, with a significant decrease in the protein content in fungicide-treated cells. This inhibitory effect was partially compensated by an increase in neutral and/or aminated carbohydrates and was accompanied by appreciable modifications of polysaccharide structure, as deduced after methylation analysis and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Moreover, differences in hyphal morphology caused by the fungicide were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Subject(s)
Cell Wall/drug effects , Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Verticillium/drug effects , Cell Wall/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Verticillium/cytologyABSTRACT
The chemical structure of the cell wall of two isolates of Verticillium fungicolacollected from diseased fruit bodies of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus treated with the fungicide Prochloraz-Mn was analyzed. The isolates were obtained during different periods of time and grown in the absence and presence of the LD(50) values of the fungicide for V. fungicola. In addition, another V. fungicola isolate collected previous to the routine utilization of Prochloraz-Mn but grown under the same conditions was also analyzed. The overall chemical composition of the cell wall from the three isolates showed detectable differences in their basic components, with a significant decrease in the protein content in fungicide-treated cells. This inhibitory effect was partially compensated by an increase in neutral and/or aminated carbohydrates and was accompanied by appreciable modifications of polysaccharide structure, as deduced after methylation analysis and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Moreover, differences in hyphal morphology caused by the fungicide were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (AU)
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Subject(s)
Verticillium , Cell Wall , Imidazoles , Fungicides, Industrial , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Compatible monokaryotic strains of Agaricus bisporus ATCC 36975 and 36976 and the resulting dikaryon of their mating were grown in a liquid medium, and their respective cell walls were prepared. Significant differences were not found in the gross chemical composition of the three hyphal types. However, the neutral carbohydrate composition of the complete walls and their fractions was found to be somewhat different in each strain. More consistent differences were encountered in the chemical structure of the distinct polysaccharidic wall fractions in the three types of organisms. Some of these structural wall differences can be considered as characteristic markers for differentiating the mono- and dikaryotic types of A. bisporus.
ABSTRACT
Candida utilis plasma membranes were isolated from different homogenized, either whole cells or spheroplasts, by centrifugation and aggregation of mitochondrial and internal membranes at pH 4.0. As judged by electron microscopy, chemical analysis, disc electrophoresis and enzymatic assays, membrane preparations with different degrees of purity were obtained. The purest plasma membranes were those prepared by homogenization of spheroplasts in the Omnimixer Sorvall followed aggregation at mitochondrial isoelectric point as described above.
