[Nirsevimab effectiveness against hospital admission for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants]. / Efectividad de nirsevimab en la prevención de los ingresos por bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial en lactantes.

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. This season, a long half-life monoclonal antibody (Nirsevimab) is available to prevent this disease for all infants born from 1 April-30 September to 2023 and all those born during RSV season (October2023- March 2024). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of this antibody on RSV admissions in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Observational, retrospective and analytical study. All patients <6 months in October admitted for bronchiolitis at 2 time points were included: T1 or Pre-nirsevimab time: 1 September 2015-30 September 2023 and T2 or Nirsevimab time: 1 October-31 December 2023. Total admissions due to any cause of infants <6 months in the same period were used as the reference population. To assess the impact of the implementation of nirsevimab, we calculated the reduction in the percentage of admissions due to RSV with respect to total admissions in both periods, and also in the 2023-2024 season we calculated the double negative test to calculate the effectiveness of the intervention (1-Odds ratio) x 100. RESULTS: In infants under 6 months of age, we found significant differences in the number of admissions for RSV bronchiolitis between the last season and the previous 7 seasons [574/1195 (48%) vs 6/138 (4.3%); p<0.01, RPI: 91%). In the 2023/2024 season, the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing admission for RSV bronchiolitis in children under 6 months of age was 85% (CI 95%: 32-97%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of nirsevimab has had an important impact on the number of hospital admissions for RSV bronchiolitis. There were no differences in the severity of bronchiolitis.

[Impact of the "daily huddle" on the safety of pediatric hospitalized patients]. / Impacto de los «daily huddle¼ en la seguridad del paciente pediátrico hospitalizado.

INTRODUCTION: In 2017, the Joint Commission proposed daily meetings called "huddle" as an indicator of quality of care. They are brief daily meetings of the multidisciplinary team, where security problems of the last 24h are shared and risks are anticipated. The objectives were to describe the most frequent safety events in Pediatric wards, implement improvements in patient safety, improve team communication, implement international safety protocols, and measure the satisfaction of the staff involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal and analytical design (June 2020-February 2022), with previous educational intervention. Safety incidents, data related to unequivocal identification, allergy and pain records, data from the Scale for the Early Detection of Deficiencies (SAPI) and the Scale for the Secure Transmission of Information (SBAR) were collected. The degree of satisfaction of the professionals was evaluated. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-eight security incidents were recorded. Medication prescription or administration errors stood out (n=103). Drug prescription or administration errors stood out (n=103), especially those related to high-risk medication: acetaminophen (n=14) (×10 doses of acetaminophen; n=6), insulin (n=6), potassium (n=5) and morphic (n=5). An improvement was observed in the pain record; 5% versus 80% (P<.01), in the SAPI registry 5% versus 70% (P<.01), in SBAER scale 40% vs 100% (P<.01), in unequivocal identification of the patient 80% versus 100%; (P<.01) and in the application of analgesic techniques 60% versus 85% (P=.01). In the survey of professionals, a degree of satisfaction of 8 (7-9.5)/10 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Huddles made it possible to learn about security events in our environment and increase the safety of hospitalized patients, and improved communication and the relationship of the multidisciplinary team.

Bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsulares en cirugía de cadera. ¿Una alternativa que supera lo que conocemos? / Pericapsular nerve group block in hip surgery. An alternative that goes beyond what we know?

La fractura de cadera es una afección usualmente observada en pacientes mayores, propensos a presentar complicaciones y aumento de la morbimortalidad durante el ingreso hospitalario. Recientemente se ha descrito el bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsulares (PENG) de cadera, diseñado para proporcionar una analgesia de mayor calidad, favoreciendo la deambulación temprana de los pacientes. Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica desde noviembre de 2018 hasta julio de 2021 con las siguientes palabras clave: bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsulares, bloqueo PENG, fractura de cadera, artroplastia total de cadera. Se excluyeron los estudios realizados en población pediátrica o en adultos con una indicación diferente a cirugía de cadera; obteniendo 18 artículos para leer a texto completo. Los estudios analizados tuvieron resultados positivos a favor de la realización del bloqueo PENG en la cirugía de cadera. Desafortunadamente la evidencia actual es insuficiente para poder integrar los resultados obtenidos y sacar conclusiones acerca de la efectividad y seguridad del bloqueo PENG.(AU)

Hip fracture is a pathology usually observed in older patients, prone to complications and increased morbidity and mortality during hospital admission. The PENG (Pericapsular Nerve Group) block has recently been described to provide higher quality analgesia, favoring early ambulation. The literature search was carried out from November 2018 to July 2021 with the following keywords pericapsular nerve group block, PENG block, hip fracture, total hip arthroplasty. Studies conducted in the pediatric population or in adults with an indication other than hip surgery were excluded; obtaining 18 articles to read in full text. The analyzed studies had positive results in favor of performing the PENG block in hip surgery. Unfortunately, the current evidence is insufficient to be able to integrate the results obtained and draw conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of the PENG block.(AU)

Pericapsular nerve group block in hip surgery. An alternative that goes beyond what we know?

Hip fracture is a pathology usually observed in older patients, prone to complications and increased morbidity and mortality during hospital admission. The PENG (Pericapsular Nerve Group) block has recently been described to provide higher quality analgesia, favoring early ambulation. The literature search was carried out from November 2018 to July 2021 with the following keywords: pericapsular nerve group block and PENG block. Studies conducted in the pediatric population or in adults with an indication other than hip surgery were excluded; obtaining 18 articles to read in full text. The analyzed studies had positive results in favor of performing the PENG block in hip surgery. Unfortunately, the current evidence is insufficient to be able to integrate the results obtained and draw conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of the PENG block.

Toxina botulínica en el tratamiento del síndrome de dolor miofascial / Botulinum toxin in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome

Las infiltraciones con toxina botulínica han sido utilizadas en el tratamiento del dolor asociado a múltiples patologías, como distonías focales, espasticidad, cefaleas y dolor miofascial. Sin embargo, los resultados de los diferentes estudios realizados con toxina botulínica en el síndrome de dolor miofascial (SDM) son contradictorios. El objetivo de la presente revisión es analizar la evidencia de la eficacia de la toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) frente a placebo en la disminución del dolor crónico de origen miofascial.Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scielo y Scopus, utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: dolor miofascial, punto gatillo, toxina botulínica y bótox. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios inclusión fueron once ensayos clínicos que comparaban la TBA frente a solución salina normal (SSN).Aunque en la mayoría de los ensayos clínicos ana­lizados no podemos evidenciar un beneficio de la TBA frente a SSN, no sería acertado concluir que la toxina botulínica no está indicada en el tratamiento de dolor asociado al SDM, dado que existe una selección de pacien­tes muy heterogénea, hay una gran variabilidad en la dosis de toxina botulínica, se usan diferentes técnicas de infiltración de los puntos gatillo (PG), la duración de los estudios es variable y no hay estudios que realicen un análisis costo-efectivo.Se necesitan ensayos clínicos más específicos, con muestras más homogéneas, que nos permitan sacar conclusiones acerca del papel de la TBA en el tratamiento del SDM.(AU)

Botulinum toxin injections have been used in pain treatment associated with pathologies such as focal dystonia, spasticity, headaches and myofascial pain. However, results from botulinum toxin trials in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) are contradictory.The objective of this paper is to analyze the evidence of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) efficacy compared to placebo in myofascial pain management. Literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scielo and Scopus, using the following key words: myofascial pain, trigger point, botulinum toxin and botox. Eleven clinical trials comparing BTA versus normal saline solution (NSS) met the inclusion criteria. Although most of the clinical trials analyzed cannot demonstrate a BTA superiority, it would not be correct to conclude that botulinum toxin is not indicated in miofascial pain treatment due to the great heterogeneous patient selection, variability in BTA doses, different trigger points (TP) injections techniques, variability in trials duration, and absence of cost-effective analysis.More specific clinical trials are required using homogeneous samples to provide conclusive evidence for BTA in the MPS treatment.(AU)

Cerebral oximetry monitoring in the management of severe hypoxaemia associated with transposition of the great arteries with balloon atrial septostomy. / Monitorización de la oximetría cerebral en el manejo de la hipoxemia severa asociada a la transposición de grandes arterias mediante atrioseptostomía con balón.

Transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases requiring neonatal surgical intervention. In the desperately ill neonate with TGA and the resultant hypoxaemia, acidemia, and congestive heart failure, improvement is often obtained with balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). Current methods employed to evaluate oxygen delivery and tissue consumption are frequently nonspecific. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows a continuous non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygenation which reflects perfusion status in real time. Because little is known about the direct effect of BAS on the neonatal brain and on cerebral oxygenation, we measured the effectiveness of BAS in two patients with D-TGA using NIRS before and after BAS. We concluded BAS improves cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates with D-TGA.

Recomendaciones para el empleo de probióticos en la diarrea en la infancia / Recommendations for the use of probiotics in childhood diarrhea

La pediatría es una de las especialidades médicas donde los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con probióticos han demostrado la eficacia y seguridad de éstos en diversas patologías, sobre todo digestivas. La mayor evidencia corresponde al empleo de probióticos en diversos tipos de diarreas, por lo que han sido incluidos en diferentes guías de práctica clínica. El efecto del probiótico debe valorarse en función de la cepa utilizada, la dosis y la duración del tratamiento. Los probióticos son eficaces en el tratamiento de la diarrea aguda infecciosa infantil, ya que acortan la duración media del proceso, el número de deposiciones y el porcentaje de episodios que se prolongan más de 4 días. De igual modo, han sido ampliamente estudiados para prevenir el desarrollo de la diarrea asociada a antibióticos, siendo los que tienen mayor nivel de evidencia la levadura (AU)

Pediatrics is one of the medical specialties where randomized clinical trials with probiotics have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in various pathologies, especially digestive being their use in different types of diarrhea, where more evidence there is for what are included in different clinical practice guidelines. The effect of probiotic should be assessed according to the used strain, dose, administration time and the duration of the same. Probiotics are effective in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children by shortening the average duration of the process, the number of liquid stools, and the percentage that lasts more than 4 days. In the same way, have been widely studied for preventing the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea being those that have higher level of evidence the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii and strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (AU)

La Sección de Hospitalaización de Pediatría del Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón en 2016 / Pediatric Hospitalization Section of the Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón in 2016

Entre los objetivos principales de la hospitalización pediátrica en un hospital terciario se incluyen el cuidado integral de los pacientes pediátricos ingresados incluyendo aspectos diagnósticos, curativos, preventivos y de rehabilitación. La Academia Americana de Pediatría reconoció hace más de 20 años la importancia y el papel crucial de los programas de hospitalización pediátrica. Así, la Pediatría General en un hospital terciario juega un papel muy importante en el cuidado agudo de pacientes pediátricos con patologías prevalentes, pero también como coordinador e integrador del cuidado de pacientes crónicos y de alta complejidad. También creemos que la Pediatría General en un hospital terciario tiene la responsabilidad de desarrollar los programas de calidad, implantar una cultura de seguridad en Pediatría, promover protocolos y guías clínicas en patologías prevalentes, ser referentes en la educación de los familiares de nuestros pacientes así como desarrollar los programas de e-health y cooperación internacional (AU)

The main objectives of the Pediatric Hospitalist Programs within a Tertiary Hospital include comprehensive care to hospitalized pediatric patients in diagnostic, curative, preventive, and rehabilitation aspects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recognized about 20 years ago, the importance and the key role of Pediatrics Hospitalist programs. General Pediatrics plays an important role not only for the care in acute prevalent pathologies, but also as a coordinator and integrator in chronic and highly complex patients. We also believe that General Pediatrics at a Third level hospital, has the responsibility to develop quality programs, implement safety culture in hospitalized patients, promote protocols and clinical guidelines in prevalent pathologies, health education in our population, and developing e-health and international cooperation programs (AU)

Impact of an influenza vaccine educational programme on healthcare personnel.

Influenza vaccination has been shown to be the most effective preventive strategy to reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups. Despite healthcare personnel (HCP) being considered part of such high-risk groups, their vaccination coverage is low in Europe. In January 2012, we distributed an 18-question survey regarding influenza vaccination to HCP at Gregorio Marañon Paediatric Hospital, in Madrid, Spain. After we documented that only ~30% of HCP were vaccinated an educational programme was implemented in October 2012 before the next influenza season. In January 2013, the same survey delivered again to all HCP documented a significant increase in vaccination rates (from 30% to 40%, P = 0·007) mainly among physicians and for patients' protection. In summary we found that a simple and inexpensive educational programme significantly improved the uptake of influenza vaccination in HCP in our centre. Nevertheless, vaccination rates remained low, and broader and updated campaigns are needed to overcome perception barriers.

Capnografía no invasiva en la bronquiolitis aguda: utilidad clínica en urgencias / Use of noninvasive capnography in acute bronchiolitis: clinical utility in emergency

Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad de la capnografía no invasiva, o medición del dióxido de carbono espirado (EtCO2), como herramienta para evaluar la gravedad clínica de pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda que acuden a urgencias. Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y observacional, en el que se incluyeron lactantes menores de 18 meses que acudían al servicio de urgencias por bronquiolitis aguda, durante 1 año. Se determinaron los valores de EtCO2 con cánulas nasales por absorción de infrarrojos (Oridion Microcap R) y se recogieron distintas variables epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 93 pacientes, un 59% varones, con una media de edad de 5,8 meses (desviación estándar [DE]= 4,2). El 80% fueron bronquiolitis leves y el 20% moderadas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los valores de capnografía de ambos grupos (p= 0,96). Los valores de EtCO2 siguieron una distribución normal, con una media de 27,5 mmHg (DE= 5,34). El coeficiente de correlación entre el EtCO2 y la puntuación de gravedad fue de 0,01 (p= 0,92). Conclusiones: No se ha encontrado ninguna asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el valor de la capnografía y la gravedad de la bronquiolitis, por lo que esta herramienta no parece útil como factor pronóstico de gravedad (AU)

Introduction: This is the first study of noninvasive capnography (EtCO2) performed in nonintubated patients with acute bronchiolitis that analyzes the value of EtCO2 with clinical severity. Material and methods: We present a prospective and observational study that includes infants under 18 months who were attended over one year at Emergency Care for acute bronchiolitis. EtCO2 was determined by nasal prongs with infrared absorption (Oridion Microcap R). There were collected epidemiological and clinical variables of patients. Results: We studied 93 patients, 59% male, mean age of 5.8 months (SD 4.2). 80% were mild bronchiolitis and 20% moderate. There was no significant difference between this groups (p=0.96). EtCO2 values followed a normal distribution with a mean of 27.5 mmHg EtCO2 (SD 5.34). The correlation coefficient between EtCO2 and value of severity score was 0.01 (p= 0.92). Conclusions: We found no statistically significant association between the value of capnography and severity of bronchiolitis. This tool does not seem useful as a prognostic factor of severity (AU)

Pólipo antropilórico en la enfermead de Menkes / Antropyloric polyp in Menkes disease

Presentamos el caso de un lactante diagnosticado de enfermedad de Menkes en tratamiento sustitutivo con cobrehitidina que presentó un cuadro de pseudoobstrucción instestinal con hemorragia digestiva alta. La aparición de pólipos gastrointestinales por hiperplasia mucosa en la enfermedad de Menkes puede asociar importante morbimortalidad y no se previenen con el tratamiento enzimático, precisando resección endoscópica o quirúrgica (AU)

We present a case of an infant with Menkes disease treated with copper-histidine replacement therapy who developed an intestinal pseudo-obstruction with upper gastrointestinal mucosa and polyps is related to significant morbidity in Menkes disease. We can not prevent them with enzyme treatment so it usually need endoscopic or surgical resection (AU)

Upper limb functional assessment of children with cerebral palsy using a sorting box.

We investigated the use of a sorting box to obtain a quantitative assessment of upper limb motor function in children with cerebral palsy. In our study, children with and without cerebral palsy placed and removed geometrical objects of a sorting-box while their wrist position was monitored by a camera-based, motion-tracking system. We analyzed three different smoothness metrics (logarithmic dimensionless jerk, spectral arc-length and number of peaks) together with time to task completion. Our results suggest that smoothness metrics are an effective tool to distinguish between impaired and non-impaired subjects, as well as to quantify differences between the affected and less-affected sides in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.

Tumor carcinoide apendicular. A propósito de un caso / Appendiceal carcinoid tumor. A case report

Los tumores carcinoides derivan de las células neuroendocrinas de cualquier parte del organismo (más frecuentemente del tubo digestivo, el páncreas y los bronquios). Son los tumores endocrinos gastrointestinales más frecuentes, ya que representan un 75% de estas neoplasias, y el tumor maligno gastrointestinal más frecuente en los niños. Su diagnóstico suele realizarse de manera casual en el 0,3-0,9% de las apendicectomías, y son menos frecuentes en la edad pediátrica. Presentamos el caso de un tumor carcinoide en un niño de 12 años de edad y realizamos una revisión de esta patología (AU)

Carcinoid tumors derive from neuroendocrine cells at different anatomic locations (although they are most commonly found at the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and bronchial airway) and are the most common gastrointestinal endocrine tumors, of which they represent 75%; being also the most common gastrointestinal malignant tumour in children. Diagnosis is often incidental (in around 0.3 to 0.9% of appendectomies, and less common in children). We report the case of a carcinoid tumor in a pediatric patient aged 12 years, providing aswell a review of this pathology (AU)

Timo intratiroideo ectópico como causa de nódulo tiroideo solitario / Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus as cause of a solitary thyroid nodule

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Empleo de probióticos en la diarrea aguda infantil y en la prevención de la diarrea asociada a antibióticos / No disponible

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Pubertad precoz central: secuela poco frecuente tras traumatismo craneoencefálico severo / True precocious puberty: a rare sequel after severe head trauma

No disponible