ABSTRACT
Adaptation of skeletal muscles to physical training depends on intensity and duration of exercise sessions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the duration of moderately intensive single aerobic exercise session (60% V(O2max)) on the activation of signalling kinases which regulate PGC-1α gene expression and on the expression of regulatory genes of mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle catabolism. Nine athletes (V(O2max)) 59 mL/min/kg) performed 30-, 60-, and 90-min cycling sessions. An exercise-induced increase in PGC-1α gene expression was proved to occur without activation of AM PK, p38 MAPK and CAMKII. It was found that 60- and 90-min sessions result in comparable increases of PGC-lα gene expression, while VEGFA gene expression increased only after 90-min session. Even 90-min exercise did not induce the activation of FOXO1-E3 ubiquitin ligase pathway and did not result in an increase of expression of exercise-induced catabolic genes.
Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Gene Expression/physiology , Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis , Muscle, Skeletal , Physical Endurance/physiology , Transcription Factors/genetics , Exercise Test , Humans , Male , Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In the article different methods of pain sensitivity evaluation are covered both in the experiment and in clinical practice, positive and negative sides are determined of different methods of pain sensitivity threshold determination.
Subject(s)
Pain Measurement/methods , Pain Threshold , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
The authors dwell upon the structure and functioning of the nociceptive system and modification of pain sensitivity by ambient factors like air temperature and atmospheric pressure.
