ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The roots are reportedly used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, leprosy, skin diseases and fever. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of present study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of ethanol extract of Trichdesma indicum root, and its purified compounds and to validate scientifically its use in traditional medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The root of Trichdesma indicum was extracted with ethanol and subjected to chromatographic separation for isolation of phytochemical compounds. Structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extract of T. indicum and isolated compounds were primarily evaluated by a disc diffusion test. The anti-microbial efficacy of the ethanol extract or isolated compounds was then assessed in vitro by determining minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). RESULTS: n-Decanyl laurate (1), n-tetradecanyl laurate (2), n-nonacosanyl palmitate (3), stigmast-5-en-3ß-ol-21(24)-olide (4), n-pentacos-9-one (5), n-dotriacont-9-one-13-ene (6), stigmast-5-en-3ß-ol-23-one (7) and lanast-5-en-3ß-D-glucopyranosyl-21 (24)-olide (8) were isolated from ethanol extract of T.indicum. The ethanol extract and isolated compounds (1-8) showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activities. The ethanol extract exhibited potent growth inhibitory activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans with an MIC value of 19.2 µg/ml. Among all the isolated compounds, lanast-5-en-3ß-D-glucopyranosyl-21 (24)-olide (8) displayed strongest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC value of 2.4 µg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The results of present study provide ground basis for the potential use of the ethanol extract Trichodesma indicum root as well as the some of the isolated compounds in the treatment of infections associated with the studied microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Boraginaceae , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Ethanol/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Roots/chemistryABSTRACT
The chloroform extract of Trichodesma indicum root has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against oedema produced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin, and against formation of granulation tissues by cotton pellet in rats. The effect was compared with the activity of indomethacin, cyperoheptadine and dexamethasone against different types of inflammation. The chloroform extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg exhibited significant (P < 0.001) anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammatory models. At 200 mg/kg the chloroform extract showed maximum inhibition of 48.12% in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema while the standard indomethacin inhibited it by 54.32% after 3 h of carrageenan injection. The chloroform extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently inhibited dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced rat paw oedema compared with control group (vehicle-treated). In the chronic inflammatory model, the chloroform extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) inhibited the granuloma weight by 15.42 and 21.12%, respectively, whereas the indomethacin and dexamethasone inhibited it by 29.29 and 34.13%, respectively. The results obtained suggest marked anti-inflammatory activity of the extract at the dose levels examined.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Boraginaceae , Phytotherapy , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Edema/drug therapy , Female , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/drug therapy , Male , Mice , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Roots , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Toxicity Tests, AcuteABSTRACT
The anti-diarrhoeal potential of the ethanolic extract of stem bark of Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntz has been evaluated using several experimental models in Wistar albino rats. The extract inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoea and PGE(2) induced enteropooling in rats; it also reduced gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration. The results obtained establish the efficacy and substantiate the use of this herbal remedy as a non-specific treatment for diarrhoea in folk medicine.
Subject(s)
Antidiarrheals/therapeutic use , Butea , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Bark , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Animals , Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Antidiarrheals/toxicity , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Male , Mice , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Plant Preparations/toxicity , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-pyretic and analgesic activity of ethanol (EEO) and aqueous (AEO) extracts of Emblica officinalis fruits in several experimental models. A single oral dose of EEO and AEO (500 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant reduction in brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. EEO and AEO also elicited pronounced inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice in the analgesic test. Both, EEO and AEO did not show any significant analgesic activity in the tail-immersion test. These findings suggest that extracts of Emblica officinalis fruits possessed potent anti-pyretic and analgesic activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids, which may be responsible for anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
