Genetic variation of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), among populations from Serbia and neighbouring countries, as inferred from COI sequence variability.

The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an invasive and highly polyphagous phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals. Trialeurodes vaporariorum causes serious damage due to direct feeding and transmits several important plant viruses. Excessive use of insecticides has resulted in significantly reduced levels of susceptibility of various T. vaporariorum populations. To determine the genetic variability within and among populations of T. vaporariorum from Serbia and to explore their genetic relatedness with other T. vaporariorum populations, we analysed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences of 16 populations from Serbia and six neighbouring countries: Montenegro (three populations), Macedonia (one population) and Croatia (two populations), for a total of 198 analysed specimens. A low overall level of sequence divergence and only five variable nucleotides and six haplotypes were found. The most frequent haplotype, H1, was identified in all Serbian populations and in all specimens from distant localities in Croatia and Macedonia. The COI sequence data that was retrieved from GenBank and the data from our study indicated that H1 is the most globally widespread T. vaporariorum haplotype. A lack of spatial genetic structure among the studied T. vaporariorum populations, as well as two demographic tests that we performed (Tajima's D value and Fu's Fs statistics), indicate a recent colonisation event and population growth. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI haplotypes in this study and other T. vaporariorum haplotypes that were retrieved from GenBank were performed using Bayesian inference and median-joining (MJ) network analysis. Two major haplogroups with only a single unique nucleotide difference were found: haplogroup 1 (containing the five Serbian haplotypes and those previously identified in India, China, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, Reunion and the USA) and haplogroup 3 (containing the single Serbian haplotype H3 and haplotypes from Costa Rica, the USA and Spanish Canary Islands). Collectively, our data indicate a rather limited value of COI as a genetic marker for discrimination between different T. vaporariorum populations in the investigated area. Possible explanations for the observed lack of COI sequence variability, such as specific genetics of biological invasion and/or the influence of bacterial symbionts that manipulate insect reproduction, are discussed.

[Disease of lower cranial nerves caused by vascular compression].

Between April 1989 and September 2007, 181 patients with disease of lower cranial nerves (DLCN) underwent posterior fossa exploration. As a cause of DLCN, vascular compression (VC) was present in 89 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), in 6 with hemifacial spasm (HFS), in 1 with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, in 1 with Meniere's disease, and in 5 with multiple DLCN. Depending on intraoperative findings, different surgical options were used: microvascular decompression (MVD), MVD with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) or total sensory rhizotomy (TSR). Statistic analysis was made using the Fisher's exact 2-side test. In patients with TN, excellent outcome was archived in 83 patients and good in 6. Postoperative outcome was better (p = 0.007) in cases with severe VC, but without significant correlation between used surgical option and outcome (p = 0.402). Frequency rate of relapses did not depend on severity of VC (p = 0.502) and used surgical option (p = 0.175). In 6 patients with HFS, excellent outcome was archived in 5 with arterial compression and poor in 1 with venous contact. In patients with Meniere's disease and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, MVD result with excellent outcome. In 5 patients with multiple DLCN, excellent outcome was archived in 3 and good in 2. MVD is method of choice in surgical treatment of DLCN caused by VC. Overall outcome is better with severity of VC.

The MICA-A4 triplet repeats polymorphism in the transmembrane region confers additional risk for development of psoriatic arthritis in the Croatian population.

The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the frequencies of alleles at the HLA loci and at microsatellite loci within the HLA region among patients suffering from psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls. Fifty-eight Croatian PsA patients (28 male and 30 female) and 157 healthy unrelated controls were typed for HLA alleles (A, B, Cw and DRB1) by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method, while microsatellite alleles (D6S265, D6S273, MHC class I chain-related gene (MICA) and MIB) were analysed by electrophoresis in an ALFexpress sequencer (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). The findings from this study were: (1) the frequencies of B*39 and B*57 were significantly increased in PsA patients; (2) differences in the frequencies of B*13 and B*27 were not statistically significant after correction; (3) the B*0702, B*18, and B*38 alleles were decreased in patients only before correction; (4) none of the alleles at other HLA loci tested were associated with PsA in Croatia; (5) polymorphism at D6S265, D6S273, and MIB microsatellites in patients did not show any statistically significant differences when compared to controls; (6) the increase in the MICA-A4 allele frequency in PsA patients was independent of the B*39 and B*57 alleles.

[Neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves: microsurgical posterior fossa exploration]. / Neuralgije donje grupe kranijalnih nerava: mikrohirurska zadnjelobanjska eksploracija.

Neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves are trigeminal neuralgia (TN), glossopharingeal neuralgia (GphN), and geniculate neuralgia (GN). Microsurgical posterior fossa exploration with its variations microvascular decompression (MVD), partial sensory rhisotomy (PSR), and total sensory rhisotomy (TSR) is one of the most efficient ways of treating these neuralgias. It was performed 130 operations in 125 patients with TN, 3 in GphN patients, 1 in GN patient, 1 in GN/TN patients, 1 in GphN/GN patient, and 2 in GN/hemifacial spasm patients. Of total of 125 patients with TN, MVD was performed in 63, PSR in 18, and MVD+PSR in 44 cases. In 5 patients with recidivate TN PSR was performed. Of total 3 patients with GphN MVD was performed in 2 cases, and extirpation of a small meningeoma in 1 case (it was not seen on CT). In the patients with GN TSR of intermediate nerve was performed, in GN/TN patients TSR of intermediate nerve and PSR of trigeminal nerve was performed, in the GN/GphN patients MVD of glossopharingeal and TSR of intermediate nerve were performed, and in the GN/hemifacial spasm patients TSR of intermediate and MVD of facial nerve were performed. The results of TN patients are: excellent in 82.4%, good in 12%, and poor in 5.6% of patients. There is no difference in complete pain relief, rate of recurrence, and complications between MVD, MVD+PSR and PSR operative groups (p0.05). Among patients with other neuralgias the following results are noted: excellent in 4, good in 3, and poor in 1 patient. Microsurgical posterior fossa exploration is the method of choice in the treatment of the neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves.

[Neurophysiological and clinical aspect of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome]. / Neurofizioloski i klinicki aspekt bolesnika sa karpal tunel sindromom.

In the group of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), besides paresthesias in their fingers, we can see paresthesias in forearm; pain in elbow, sholder and neck, which is a reason for complicated diagnosis of it. This kind of complexnost of differential diagnosis pain in hand, is a reason for complet and strict diagnostic procedure. There are 30 patients with clinical and neurophysological findings for CTS in this paper who made provocative tests. Analising their results we made diagnosis of KTS.

[Acute intermittent porphyria as a problem in differential diagnosis]. / Akutna intermitentna porfirija kao deferencijalnodijagnosticki problem.

In this study the authors have stressed the multidisciplinary approach regarding the etiology of psychiatric disorders. This approach provides not only the quantitative but also the qualitative increase within the essence of psychic life and psychiatric disorders pointing out the integrity of biological, psychological and social in a human being. Many somatic diseases are followed by the psychiatric and neurological symptoms. One of these diseases is the acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) that is manifested with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and it is called "the great imitator". The AIP attacks are characterized by abdominal pains, neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The most important is to diagnose the disease at the onset. If not, many severe complications may occur, even the lethal outcome is possible. This case report has shown the significance of the above mentioned statements.

[Variation in HLA-B27 gene subtypes and susceptibility of ankylosing spondylitis in the Croatian population]. / Raznolikost podtipova gena HLA-B27 i povezanost s ankilozantnim spondilitisom u hrvatskoj populaciji.

The differences in amino acid residues of HLA-B27 subtypes are minor, but may play role in pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Aim of this study was to investigate of frequency of B27 subtypes in Croatian AS patients and B27 positive healthy controls. Group of 50 AS patients and 38 B27 positive controls were typed for B27 subtypes by PCR-SSP method. In the group of AS patients we found four subtypes: B*2705 (83.0%), B*2702 (13.2%), while remaining two alleles B*2701 and B*2704 had one individual each. In the group of B27+ controls we also observed B*2705 (76.3%) as most frequent allele while frequency of B*2702 was 21.1%. No significant evidence for association between AS and a particular HLA-B27 subtype in the Croatian population were found.

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in patient with rheumatoid arthritis--case report.

This case report presents a patient with long-lasting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of fourth clinical grade, having ocular complications. RA was diagnosed according to current modified ARA criteria from 1987. Upon admission to the Department of Ophthalmology clinical examination revealed anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION), which is not characteristic manifestation of RA in the eye. The occurrence of AION in patients with RA has been explained in literature as a secondary manifestation of hypertension in these patients or, by the presence of other connective tissue disease apart from RA (for example, MCTD--mixed connective tissue disease). Both mentioned causes were excluded in our case, as well as any other condition that could lead to AION. Therefore, we had concluded that AION presented a late complication of RA.

[Therapeutic value of antioxidants and calcium channel blockers in patients in the acute phase of closed head injuries]. / Terapijska vrijednost antioksidanasa i blokatora kalcijumski kanala kod bolesnika sa zatvorenom povredom glave u akutnoj fazi.

Knowing that uncontrolled calcium signalization with excessive production of reactive oxidative matters is present in case of neurotrauma, aim of the investigation was to establish therapeutic value of combined administration of antioxidants (AO) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in patients with closed head injury (CHI). Investigation comprised 120 patients with CHI who received AO (vitamins C and E) parenterally during 10 days and CCB (nimodipine), and control group was comprised of 60 patients with CHI who did not receive these medicinals in therapeutic program. We have established the influence of the therapy on neurologic and functional deficiency and consciousness disorder, respectively. Results of the investigation confirmed better recovery of all three observed parameters (degree of neurologic deficiency, degree of functional deficiency and consciousness disorder) in a group of patients receiving AO and CCB, which was statistically significant. It can be concluded that the administration of AO and CCB in patients with CHI in the acute phase should be included into therapeutic program of this significant clinical syndrome.

Cytochemical & ultrastructural alteration of cytoplasmic granules of rat peripheral blood neutrophils induced by chronic alcoholism & malnutrition.

The specific influence of malnutrition on the pathophysiologic changes induced by chronic alcoholism is controversial. In an attempt to determine and demarcate the effects of protein malnutrition from those produced by alcoholism and to evaluate the precise effect of alcohol per se on cytochemical and ultrastructural properties of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) granules, we investigated the influence of chronic protein malnutrition or chronic alcoholism alone and in combination, in rats. After a 4 month experimental period various PMN properties, such as cytochemical, morphometrical and ultrastructural, as well as neutrophil functions were studied. It was found that the degree of damage of PMNs induced either by ethanol or protein malnutrition alone was similar whereas their combination led to worsening of all markers of PMN functional ability. Ultrastructural changes of neutrophil granules including reduction, redistribution and atypical accumulation as well as appearance of autophagic vacuoles, confirmed their alteration which was emphasised by the additive pathophysiological interaction of alcoholism and chronic hypoprotein malnutrition.

[Functional outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. / Funkcionalni ishod u bolesnika s reumatoidnim artritisom.

The Stanford Health Assessment (HAQ) was implemented to Croatian population in order to assess disability in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 101 patients with RA were in the study (9 males, 92 females). The mean age was 52 years and mean disease duration was 9 years. 51 patients completed HAQ with no prior instructions and were then interviewed by a rheumatologist. 50 patients completed HAQ in inverse manner. Ten patients were tested by a physiotherapist in order to confirm the facts given from the interview. Our patients showed a mean score of 1.89 on the scale of 0 to 3 which is statistically significant lower than those given by the rheumatologist--1.99. Also we recorded higher score related to age and disease duration. All 101 patients were able to complete HAQ with or without some terminology difficulties. We consider HAQ is easy to use, simple to scoring and no time consumption questionnaire. It can be used in our RA population with small terminology modifications for better understanding of some questions. We registered some difficulties in discrimination between score 1 and 2, so we added a new formulation to score 1--still satisfied to improve that part of the questionnaire.

[The effect of isometric exercises for cervical spine on blood pressure]. / Utjecaj izometrickih vjezba za vratnu kraljeznicu na krvni tlak.

Isometric exercises are common modality in the treatment of cervical syndrome. They are based on maximal voluntary contraction for 5-10 seconds. Isometric exercises can significantly rise blood presure. The purpose of the study was to asses the effect of isometric exercises submaximal intesity (60% maximal voluntary contraction) redarding blood pressure. The reults showed that even isometric exercises lower intesity statistically singnificabt rise systolic and diastolic blood pressure immediately after exercises. The blood pressure values reach normal values after 30 minutes.

[Characteristics and results of treatment of breast carcinoma at the surgical department of the Dr. Nika Labovíc Medical Center in Ivangrad]. / Karakteristike i rezultati lijecenja Ca dojke u hiruskoj sluzbi Medicinskog centra "Dr Nika Labovic" u Ivangradu.

We have presented all the pathologic formations on breast treated in our service, with the special accent given to malign formations, the number of which is indisputably growing. The systematical prevention and the early detection of the disease were not done in time what is most important for the prognosis and success of treatment. All patients are postoperatively directed to radiation and cytostatic therapy.