First record of the parasitoid family Ismaridae (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea) from Eocene Baltic and Rovno ambers with the description of a new genus and two new species.

A new genus, Lubomirus gen. nov., of the family Ismaridae (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea) from the late Eocene Baltic and Rovno ambers is described and illustrated. The new genus is the second known genus of the family Ismaridae. The two new species, Lubomirus masneri sp. nov. from Rovno amber and Lubomirus victori sp. nov. from Baltic amber, are described. The diagnosis of the Ismaridae family and the single extant genus of the familyIsmarus Halidayare clarified. The systematic position of Cretapria Fujiyama, 1994 is discussed.

A new amber representative of the genus Ectobius Stephens, 1835 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) from Storeblt (Denmark).

A new fossil cockroach, Ectobius danekrae sp. nov., is described on the basis of a single male adult individual from late Eocene Danish amber. This is the third representative of the genus Ectobius Stephens, 1835 from Eocene ambers. The new species exhibits plesiomorphic characters of small right stylus and subsymmetrical claws, compared to the known fossil and living species of the genus. The references to Ectobius balticus (Germar et Berendt, 1856) and Margattea Shelford, 1911 sp. presence in Danish amber are insufficient.

Beyond the Limits of Light: An Application of Super-Resolution Confocal Microscopy (sCLSM) to Investigate Eocene Amber Microfossils.

Amber is known as one of the best sources of fossil organisms preserved with exceptional fidelity. Historically, different methods of imaging have been applied to amber, including optical microscopy and microtomography. These methods are sufficient to resolve millimeter-scaled fossils. However, microfossils, such as microarthropods, require another resolution. Here, we describe a non-destructive method of super resolution confocal microscopy (sCLSM) to study amber-preserved microfossils, using a novel astigmatid mite species (genus Histiogaster, Acaridae) from Eocene Rovno amber as a model. We show that the resolution obtained with sCLSM is comparable to that of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) routinely used to study modern mites. We compare sCLSM imaging to other methods that are used to study amber inclusions and emphasize its advantages in examination of unique fossil specimens. Furthermore, we show that the deterioration of amber, which manifests in its darkening, positively correlates with its increased fluorescence. Our results demonstrate a great potential of the sCLSM method for imaging of the tiniest organisms preserved in amber.

Oracula campbelli sp. n.-the first fossil darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine).

A new species of the currently Oriental alleculine genus Oracula Novák, 2019 is described from the Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine: O. campbelli sp. n. This is the first report of a representative of the family Tenebrionidae from this Lagerstätte. Extant species of Oracula occur in Nepal, southern China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos and Indonesia. The newly discovered extinct species is similar to extant O. amica Novák, 2019 from Nepal.

A new tribe, genus and species of the tenebrionid subfamily Lagriinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber.

A new genus and species are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Archaeoluprops groehni gen. et sp. nov. This fossil darkling beetle of the subfamily Lagriinae (Tenebrionidae) is externally similar to species of the tribes Lupropini and Goniaderini having the robust pubescent body and estriate elytra, but differs in the absence of intersegmental membranes between abdominal ventrites 3-5 (tentyrioid hinging) and accordingly the primary absence of defensive glands. Combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters and other differences from all extinct and extant lagriine tribes allows to establish the new tribe Archaeolupropini trib. nov. (type genus Archaeoluprops), which is probably a basal group in relation to the non-basal clade Lagriini-Chaerodini-Lupropini-Pycnocerini-Goniaderini-(probably Gonialaenini) + Laenini. All Baltic amber lagriine tribes are absent in extant faunas of middle latitudes of Europa.

Unexpected Diversity of Xenoscelinae in Priabonian European Amber: The Third Xenosceline Species from Rovno Amber.

Xenophagus simutniki sp. n. is described from a late Eocene Rovno amber specimen. The new species is similar to the fossil Xenophagus popovi Lyubarsky et Perkovsky, 2017 from the late Eocene Baltic amber (W Russia), differing in the medially notched anterior margin of the pronotum. The Rovno xenosceline fauna is the richest among both extant and extinct faunas. This fauna includes the extinct genera Xenophagus Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2017 and Xenohimatium Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2012, which are closest to the extant Mediterranean Xenoscelis Wollaston 1864 and the representative of the extant boreal genus Zavaljus Reitter, 1880. A key to extinct species of the subfamily Xenoscelinae is presented. The possible reasons of xenoscelines abundance in European amber forests are discussed.

Eocene aposematic patterns persist in modern European Lycidae beetles despite the absence of co-mimics.

Ancient aposematic signals might have evolved under different ecological circumstances. Using European Cenozoic amber and phylogenetic reconstruction, we evaluated the evolution of net-winged beetle aposematism. We describe Priabonian Hiekeolycus winkleri sp. nov. from Baltic amber, review known fossil species, and suggest earlier high diversity and morphological conservativeness of European Lycidae since the Eocene. We hypothesize the presence of red and black/red aposematic patterns in Eocene Europe. The analyses suggest the Oligocene to Miocene dispersal of additional species from East Asia and their advergence to autochthonous patterns. Recently dispersed lycids have retained similarities with their East Asian relatives. Net-winged beetles are rare in Europe after the Quaternary climatic oscillations, and we hypothesize a currently relaxed selection for shared aposematic signals. Neophobia, and eventually inborn rejection of brightly colored prey, putatively preserved ancient aposematism under changing conditions. Evidence from paleontology and phylogenetics can provide insight into the long-term persistence of old adaptations under changing conditions.

Discovery of a new extinct spider wasp (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from Eocene Rovno amber.

Paleogenia waichertae Loktionov, Lelej et Perkovsky, sp. nov. is a new species of extinct spider wasps. This new species is a second record of Pompilidae from Rovno amber, third yet known species of the extinct genus Paleogenia Waichert et Pitts, 2016 and 26th known extinct species of spider wasps. Sex of the holotype of the species Paleogenia indomini Colombo et Waichert, 2023 is clarified (male not female). A key to males of Paleogenia is provided.

Description of a new genus and species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Danish amber, based on a male specimen featuring an antenna with a distinct anellus.

Electroanellus belokobylskiji Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is described and illustrated based on a male specimen from late Eocene Danish amber. The presence of an anellus between the pedicel and the first funicular segment is the main difference between the new taxon and most extant encyrtids, as well as all described fossil species. The new fossil also differs from all known Eocene Encyrtidae by its relatively short marginal vein, which is as long as broad. The placement of the new genus in the subfamily Tetracneminae is supported by the absence of the filum spinosum of the linea calva.

A new species of the genus Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from the Dominican amber.

A new species of the planthopper genus Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895 (Issidae, Issinae, Thioniini), Cheiloceps magnifrons sp. nov., is described from the Dominican amber. Issidae fossils are briefly discussed.

A new genus and species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with a four-segmented funicle from late Eocene Baltic amber.

Electrocerus brevifuniculatus Simutnik gen.etsp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a female specimen from late Eocene Baltic amber. Placement of the new genus in the subfamily Encyrtinae is supported by the presence of a filum spinosum on the linea calva and the hypopygium not reaching the metasomal apex. A key to the genera of late Eocene Encyrtinae is provided. The new taxon differs from all known extinct and most extant encyrtids by its four-segmented female funicle.

New Limaiinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark, including an unexpected finding of a Mesozoic genus.

Two species of Limaiinae (Chrysopidae) are described from the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark: Mesypochrysa nielseni sp. nov. and Limaiinae gen. et sp. A. All forewing character states of M. nielseni sp. nov. are similar to those of the widely distributed Mesozoic genus Mesypochrysa Martynov, 1927, which was formerly known from the Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous. Limaiinae gen. et sp. A is represented by an incomplete forewing. Although it differs from other species known from the formation, we refrained to name it pending a more complete specimen. The relatively high diversity of Limaiinae in the early Eocene of Denmark, with at least by two genera and four or five species is surprising. This diversity in the Fur Formation is nearly equal to that of Nothochrysinae.

Balticalcarus archibaldi Simutnik Gen. et sp. n. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) with the Unusually Small Mesotibial Spur from Baltic Amber.

Balticalcarus archibaldi Simutnik, gen. et sp. n., is described and illustrated based on a female specimen from late Eocene Baltic amber. The new genus is characterized by the absence of a filum spinosum, a "boat"-shaped hypopygium enclosing the ovipositor, reaching far past the apex of the syntergum, the presence of a line of long setae along the entire costal cell of the hind wing, and a transverse line of thickened setae alongside the hyaline spur vein. Moreover, like most previously described Eocene Encyrtidae, the new taxon differs from the majority of the extant ones by a number of morphological features. The new fossil differs from most extant and all known fossil Encyrtidae by its unusually small, thin, smooth (without microsetae) mesotibial spur.

Discovery of a new species of Dryinus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Dryinus carsteni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Dryinidae) is described from mid-Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber. The new species is close to D. taron Martynova, Zhang, Olmi, Mller, Perkovsky, 2020, but it can be distinguished for the shorter body (about 2 mm), antennomere 3 about 5 as long as broad and protarsomere 2 produced into hook (in D. taron, the body is longer more than 5 mm, antennomere 3 is about 20 as long as broad and protarsomere 3 is produced into hook).

Imprint of a Helcophorus Fairmaire, 1881: the first net-winged beetle (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from Rovno amber.

A new species of erotine net-winged beetles, Helcophorus ekaterinae sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. The new species is placed in the subgenus Thibeteros Kazantsev, 2019, whereas the second known fossil Helcophorus species, H. berendti (Winkler, 1987), from Baltic amber, belongs in Helcophorus sensu stricto. Photographs of extant species of both subgenera, H. (s. str.) miniatus Fairmaire, 1881 and H. (Th.) tricolor Kazantsev, 2013, are provided. This is the first record of a Lycidae from Rovno amber.

Canadaphis mordvilkoi, Kononova 1976 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Canadaphididae)redescription and neotype designation.

Here we present a redescription of an aphis species Canadaphis mordvilkoi Kononova, 1976 based on a recently found specimen originating from the same locality as holotype (Yantardakh (Kheta Formation), Taimyr Peninsula, Russia). The new specimen is far better preserved and many characters invisible and not mentioned in original description are available for our analysis. As a result, we were capable to indicate affinities with other species belonging to the Canadaphididae family. As the holotype is destroyed we decided to designate this specimen as a neotype. We also provide the photos of the type genus of this family for the first time.

Discovery of the first apterous pincer wasp from amber, with description of a new tribe, genus and species of Apodryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae).

Rovnodryinus khomychi new genus and new species is described from Upper Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). It is the first apterous pincer wasp found in amber. This new taxon is attributed to the subfamily Apodryininae and the new tribe Rovnodryinini. The key to the subfamilies and tribes of Dryinidae is modified to include the new tribe. The new genus, known by a female, is characterized by the mesosoma almost completely composed of fused sclerites, the absence of wings and the presence of ocelli in the anterior half of the face. A close relationship of the new genus with the extant Apodryininae is underlined. R. khomychi is the first apodryinine found in the Northern Hemisphere. The tribe Rovnodryinini is the first higher taxon known only from Rovno amber. Tritophania patruelis Jacobi and the tribe Elicini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) are reported from Rovno amber for the first time.

A review of fossil taxa of Microphorinae (Diptera, Dolichopodidae sensu lato), with redescription of the Eocene genus Meghyperiella Meunier.

The current data on fossil empidoid flies of the subfamily Microphorinae (Dolichopodidae sensu lato) are summarized. The extinct taxa of this group includes five genera (Avenaphora Grimaldi Cumming, Curvus Kaddumi, Meghyperiella Meunier, Microphorites Hennig, Pristinmicrophor Tang, Shi, Wang Yang) and 17 described species (one species in extant genus Microphor Macquart and two species in Schistostoma Becker). One more possible fossil microphorine genus Microcathophorites is treated as a nomen nudum. Microphorines were found from different deposits dated over a very broad geological temporal range from Lower Cretaceous to the Eocene. However, the majority of them are currently known from the Cretaceous (five genera and 13 (14?) species). Only two genera and four (three?) species were found from the Eocene. More precise definitions of Curvus, Meghyperiella, Microphorites and Pristinmicrophor as well as their possible relationships are discussed. In addition, the little known Eocene genus Meghyperiella is redescribed and newly recorded from Rovno amber (Ukraine). An identification key to all fossil taxa of microphorines is compiled for the first time.

First larvae of Raphidioptera from Eocene Sakhalinian and Rovno ambers.

We describe two larvae of Raphidioptera probably belonging to different genera of Raphidiidae, the first recorded from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber and late Eocene Rovno amber. The Sakhalinian larva is the first confirmed representative of Raphidioptera from the Cenozoic of Asia, and most probably the oldest larvae of an extant family of the order. The Rovno amber larva is the first European Cenozoic immature raphidiopteran found outside of Russo-Scandia. The terrestrial insect assemblage of the Sakhalinian amber forest is discussed, including snakeflies. An abundance of aphids and rarity of ants distinguishes this assemblage from other Cenozoic amber faunas.

The first fossil Coleoptera record from the Volyn Region, Ukraine, with description of a new Glesoconomorphus (Coleoptera, Mycteridae) in syninclusion with Winterschmidtiidae (Acari) and a key to species.

Glesoconomorphusekaterinae sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Mycteridae), representing the first ever fossil species of Coleoptera from the Volyn Region of Ukraine and the first mycterid from late Eocene Rovno amber, is described and illustrated. A key to species of the fossil mycterid genus Glesoconomorphus Alekseev, Pollock & Bukejs, 2019 is presented. The systematic position of Glesoconomorphus within Eurypinae J. Thomson, 1860 is briefly discussed. The oldest finding of phoretic Winterschmidtiidae Oudemans, 1923 mites, found on the type specimen of the new beetle species, is reported.