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1.
Can Vet J ; 59(7): 779-782, 2018 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30026627

ABSTRACT

This retrospective analysis aimed to determine the effects of a maternal viral vaccination program (MVVP; Express Verified) on calf health during the feeding period. In low- and high-risk populations, calves born to dams vaccinated pre-breeding with program products had improved morbidity and mortality outcomes compared with non-program animals.


Analyse rétrospective de la morbidité dans des parcs d'engraissement et résultats de mortalité chez les veaux nés de mères ayant des antécédents de vaccination connus. Cette analyse rétrospective visait à déterminer les effets d'un programme maternel de vaccination virale (PMVV; Express Verified) sur la santé des veaux durant la période d'allaitement. Dans les populations à risque faible et élevé, les veaux nés de mères vaccinées avant l'accouplement avec des produits de programme présentaient des résultats améliorés de morbidité et de mortalité comparativement aux animaux à l'extérieur du programme.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Subject(s)
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/mortality , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Vaccination/veterinary , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Animals , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/epidemiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/immunology , Female , Fever/epidemiology , Fever/veterinary , Male , Retrospective Studies
2.
Can Vet J ; 58(3): 247-254, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28246411

ABSTRACT

A case-control study was conducted to investigate potential risk factors for toe tip necrosis syndrome (TTNS) in western Canadian feedlot cattle. Feedlot veterinarians provided hooves from 222 animals that died of either TTNS ("cases") or from all other causes ("controls"). The claws were sectioned by researchers to confirm the diagnoses; there was very good agreement between the practitioners' field diagnosis and that of the researchers (Cohen's kappa = 0.81; P < 0.001). The sole thickness of the apical white line region was thinner (P < 0.001) in the cases (3.74 mm) than the controls (4.72 mm). Claws from cases were 5.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 to 8.6; P < 0.001] and 7.3 times (95% CI: 1.5 to 69.3; P < 0.01) more likely than those of controls to yield a heavy growth of Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes, respectively. Cases were 4.4 times (95% CI: 4.4 to 22.9; P < 0.001) more likely to be acutely/transiently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus than were controls. The findings support the hypothesis that TTNS is initiated by excessive wear along the white line, leading to separation and bacterial colonization of the 3rd phalangeal bone (P3) and associated soft tissues.


Étude prospective de cas-témoins du syndrome de la nécrose du bout des orteils dans un parc d'engraissement de l'Ouest canadien. Une étude de cas-témoins a été réalisée pour investiguer les facteurs de risques potentiels pour le syndrome de la nécrose du bout des orteils (SNBO) chez le bétail des parcs d'engraissement de l'Ouest canadien. Les vétérinaires des parcs d'engraissement ont fourni des sabots provenant de 222 animaux qui sont morts soit du SNBO («cas¼) ou d'autres causes («témoins¼). Les ongles ont été sectionnés par les chercheurs pour confirmer les diagnostics; il y avait une très bonne concordance entre le diagnostic sur le terrain des praticiens et celui des chercheurs (Kappa de Cohen = 0,81; P < 0,001). L'épaisseur de la sole dans la région de la ligne blanche atypique était plus mince (P < 0,001) dans les cas (3,74 mm) que dans les témoins (4,72 mm). Il était 5,0 fois (IC de 95 % de 1,5 à 8,6; P < 0,001) et 7,3 fois (IC de 95 % de 1,5 à 69,3; P < 0,01) plus probable que les ongles des cas donnent une croissance importante d'Escherichia coli et de Trueperella pyogenes, respectivement. Il était 4,4 fois (IC de 95 % de 4,4 à 22,9; P < 0,001) plus probable que les cas soient infectés de manière aiguë ou transitoire par le virus de la diarrhée virale des bovins comparativement aux témoins. Les résultats appuient l'hypothèse que le SNBO est amorcé par une usure excessive le long de la ligne blanche, ce qui entraîne une séparation et la colonisation bactérienne de l'os de la troisième phalange (P3) et des tissus mous connexes.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Foot Diseases/veterinary , Hoof and Claw/pathology , Lameness, Animal/epidemiology , Actinomycetaceae , Alberta/epidemiology , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral , Escherichia coli , Foot Diseases/epidemiology , Foot Diseases/microbiology , Foot Diseases/virology , Hoof and Claw/microbiology , Hoof and Claw/virology , Lameness, Animal/microbiology , Lameness, Animal/virology , Necrosis , Prospective Studies
3.
Can Vet J ; 57(8): 829-34, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27493280

ABSTRACT

Toe Tip Necrosis Syndrome (TTNS) is predominantly a hind limb lameness of feedlot cattle that develops early in the feeding period. Retrospective analyses of feedlot health records were conducted in order to describe the epidemiology of the disease at the level of the individual animal, lot, and feedyard. Analysis of 1904 lots (cohorts of > 100 head) of cattle, from 48 feedyards, found that TTNS occurred sporadically, but clustered by both lots and feedyards. Only 3.8% of lots had ≥ 1 case of TTNS; however, 26.4% of these lots were associated with 1 feedyard. Analysis of 702 cases of TTNS found that the disease clusters early in the feeding period; the mean (median; range) number of days on feed at death was 42.3 d (27.0 d; 4 to 302 d). The disease occurred in all months of the year and affected calves, yearlings, steers, and heifers. It was equivocal as to whether the source of the animals was associated with how quickly they died of TTNS in the feedyard.


Épidémiologie du syndrome de la nécrose du bout des doigts (SNBD) du bétail dans les parcs d'engraissement d'Amérique du Nord. Le syndrome de la nécrose du bout des doigts (SNBD) est une boiterie des membres postérieurs du bétail des parcs d'engraissement qui se développe de 1 à 4 semaines après l'arrivée au parc d'engraissement. Des analyses rétrospectives des dossiers de santé des parcs d'engraissement ont été réalisées afin de décrire l'épidémiologie de la maladie au niveau de l'animal individuel, du lot d'animaux et du parc d'engraissement. Une analyse de 1904 lots (cohortes de > 100 têtes) de bétail, provenant de 48 parcs d'engraissement, a constaté que le SNBD se produisait sporadiquement, mais qu'il était regroupé selon les lots et les parcs d'engraissement. Seulement 3,8 % des lots avaient ≥ 1 cas de SNBD; cependant, 26,4 % de ces lots étaient associés à 1 parc d'engraissement. Une deuxième analyse des 702 cas de SNBD a confirmé que la maladie se regroupe au début de la période d'engraissement; le nombre moyen de jours (médiane; écart) d'engraissement à la mort était de 42,3 jours (27,0 jours; de 4 à 302 jours). La maladie se produisait durant tous les mois de l'année et touchait les veaux, les animaux d'un an, les bouvillons et les génisses. Il était équivoque à savoir si la source des animaux était associée à la rapidité d'une mort causée par SNBD dans le parc d'engraissement.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Lameness, Animal/epidemiology , Animals , Cattle , Female , Male , North America/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
4.
Prev Vet Med ; 126: 74-80, 2016 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26879058

ABSTRACT

Accurate diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle is a critical facet of therapeutic programs through promotion of prompt treatment of diseased calves in concert with judicious use of antimicrobials. Despite the known inaccuracies, visual observation (VO) of clinical signs is the conventional diagnostic modality for BRD diagnosis. Objective methods of remotely monitoring cattle wellness could improve diagnostic accuracy; however, little information exists describing the accuracy of this method compared to traditional techniques. The objective of this research is to employ Bayesian methodology to elicit diagnostic characteristics of conventional VO compared to remote early disease identification (REDI) to diagnose BRD. Data from previous literature on the accuracy of VO were combined with trial data consisting of direct comparison between VO and REDI for BRD in two populations. No true gold standard diagnostic test exists for BRD; therefore, estimates of diagnostic characteristics of each test were generated using Bayesian latent class analysis. Results indicate a 90.0% probability that the sensitivity of REDI (median 81.3%; 95% probability interval [PI]: 55.5, 95.8) was higher than VO sensitivity (64.5%; PI: 57.9, 70.8). The specificity of REDI (median 92.9%; PI: 88.2, 96.9) was also higher compared to VO (median 69.1%; PI: 66.3, 71.8). The differences in sensitivity and specificity resulted in REDI exhibiting higher positive and negative predictive values in both high (41.3%) and low (2.6%) prevalence situations. This research illustrates the potential of remote cattle monitoring to augment conventional methods of BRD diagnosis resulting in more accurate identification of diseased cattle.


Subject(s)
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/diagnosis , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/veterinary , Observation , Remote Sensing Technology/veterinary , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Cattle , Mannheimia , Pasteurellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Pasteurellaceae Infections/veterinary , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Can J Vet Res ; 76(1): 23-32, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22754091

ABSTRACT

This project investigated the use of ultrasonography at first diagnosis of presumptive early bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle from western Canada. One hundred seventy-four cattle (116 cases and 58 controls) at high risk of developing BRD were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study over 2 y (2006-2007). Cattle with clinical signs relating to the respiratory system and assessed as sick at the time of feedlot arrival (arrival fever cases) or assessed as sick in the pen 3 to 30 d post-arrival (post-arrival fever cases, post-arrival no fevers cases) were eligible for enrollment. Control animals were identified at the time of case enrollments. Ultrasonography was done using a 3.5 sector transducer at enrollment and at 2, 4, and 6 wk post-enrollment. Lung lesions were identified at least 1 time over the course of the trial in 32/116 (28%) cases and 9/58 (16%) controls. At enrollment, lung lesions were identified in 20/115 (17%) cases and 2/55 (4%) controls (data unreadable n = 4). Post-arrival fever cases (14/48) were the most likely to have a lesion identified using ultrasound. In arrival fever cases, average daily gain (enrollment to last ultrasound, average 34 d) was improved (P = 0.007) in cattle identified with a lesion at enrollment using ultrasound compared with those not identified with a lesion at that time, potentially demonstrating the effects of gut fill at arrival weighing, as these sicker animals may have eaten less prior to arrival and, therefore, had more room for improvement in weight over time due to restoration of normal gut fill. None of the ultrasound time points explored (enrollment, 2, 4, or 6 wk post-enrollment) were associated with the animal health outcomes of interest (subsequent treatment, chronicity, wastage, or mortality) for cattle enrolled at arrival or post-arrival.Ultrasonography using a 3.5 sector transducer was not particularly effective as a prognostic/diagnostic tool for early detection of BRD, but may be useful in targeted populations of animals with respiratory disease of longer duration (such as chronic pens).


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/pathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary , Alberta , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Female , Longitudinal Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Ultrasonography
6.
Vet Ther ; 10(4): E1-18, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20425733

ABSTRACT

In this field trial, a new combination product containing florfenicol and flunixin meglumine (FLOR-FM) was compared with commercially available products that contained only tulathromycin (TULA) or ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF; rectal temperature >/=105.0 degrees F) in beef calves that received long-acting oxytetracycline at feedlot arrival. The overall mortality rate of the FLOR FM group (2.0%) was significantly (P less than .050) lower than the rates in the TULA and CCFA groups (10.0% and 20.0%, respectively; 50 animals/group), even though the first UF relapse rate of the FLOR FM group was significantly (P less than .050) higher than that of the TULA group. In the FLOR FM group, this resulted in per-animal economic advantages of Can$46.23 (versus TULA) and Can$108.77 (versus CCFA) based on equal costs for initial UF therapy. These results demonstrate that it is more cost-effective to administer FLOR FM than TULA or CCFA for initial UF therapy in feedlot calves at high risk for bovine respiratory disease that receive metaphylactic long-acting oxytetracycline at feedlot arrival.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Clonixin/analogs & derivatives , Disaccharides/therapeutic use , Fever/veterinary , Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Cattle , Clonixin/administration & dosage , Clonixin/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Fever/drug therapy , Housing, Animal , Thiamphenicol/administration & dosage , Thiamphenicol/therapeutic use
7.
Vet Ther ; 9(3): 223-40, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19003783

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) to feedlot heifer calves in western Canada. Heifers fed MGA had significantly (P less than .05) improved average daily gain, feed conversion, and carcass quality grade and lower rates of initial undifferentiated fever treatment and bovine respiratory disease mortality. However, heifers fed MGA had less desirable (P less than .05) carcass yield grade. There was a net economic advantage of Can $11.31/animal in favor of heifers fed MGA. Based on these results, it is efficacious and cost-effective to feed MGA to heifer calves raised in standard large-pen commercial feedlots in western Canada.


Subject(s)
Cattle/growth & development , Meat/standards , Melengestrol Acetate/administration & dosage , Melengestrol Acetate/economics , Weight Gain/drug effects , Animals , Body Composition/drug effects , Canada , Cattle Diseases/mortality , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Female , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/economics , Meat/classification , Random Allocation , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Vet Ther ; 9(2): 128-40, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18597251

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative cost-effectiveness of florfenicol with that of tulathromycin for treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF that receive metaphylactic tulathromycin on arrival at the feedlot. Calves that received therapeutic florfenicol had lower overall mortality (P=.045) and bovine respiratory disease mortality (P=.050) compared with calves that received therapeutic tulathromycin, but no significant differences were detected in feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, or other animal health variables. There was a net advantage of Can$41.19/treated animal in the florfenicol group versus the tulathromycin group. This study demonstrates that it is more cost-effective to use florfenicol than tulathromycin for the initial treatment of UF in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF that receive on-arrival metaphylactic tulathromycin.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/drug therapy , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Disaccharides/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/mortality , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/mortality , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Disaccharides/economics , Fever/drug therapy , Fever/mortality , Fever/veterinary , Heterocyclic Compounds/economics , Thiamphenicol/economics , Thiamphenicol/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
9.
Can Vet J ; 49(5): 463-72, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18512457

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (UF)/bovine respiratory disease (BRD). At feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. At the time of allocation, 1 group (MLV3-BT2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and types I and II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), as well as a Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and Pasteurella multocida bacterin-toxoid. The other group (MLV4-BT1) received a vaccine containing IIBRV, type I BVDV, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus, as well as a MH bacterin-toxoid. At an average of 69 days post arrival, the groups received their respective viral vaccines. The initial UF treatment, overall chronicity, overall wastage, overall mortality, and BRD mortality rates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the MLV3-BT2 group than in the MLV4-BT1 group. Average daily gain and the proportions of yield grade Canada 3 and quality grade E carcasses were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the MLV3-BT2 group than in the MLV4-BT1 group. No significant (P > or = 0.05) difference in the dry matter intake to gain ratio was detected between the 2 groups. In economic terms, there was a net advantage of $20.86 CDN/animal in the MLV3-BT2 group. This study demonstrates that it is more cost effective to use an MLV3-BT2 vaccination program than a MLV4-BT1 vaccination program in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF/BRD.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/prevention & control , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Cattle/growth & development , Vaccination/veterinary , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Body Composition , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Mannheimia haemolytica/immunology , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Bovine/immunology , Pasteurella multocida/immunology , Random Allocation , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/immunology , Risk Factors , Vaccines, Combined , Weight Gain
10.
Can Vet J ; 49(5): 473-81, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18512458

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe the microbiologic agents and pathologic processes in fatal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) of feedlot cattle and to investigate associations between agents and pathologic processes. Ninety feedlot calves diagnosed at necropsy with BRD and 9 control calves without BRD were examined, using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and histopathologic studies. Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) (peracute, acute, and subacute cases) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB) (subacute, bronchiolar, and chronic cases) were the most common agents identified in fatal BRD cases. Significant associations (P < 0.10) were detected between microbiologic agents and between agents and pathologic processes. When IHC staining was used, 25/26 (96%) of animals that were positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were also positive for MH; 12/15 (80 %) of animals that were positive for Histophilus somni (HS) were also positive for MB; and all of the animals that were positive for HS were negative for MH and BVDV. This quantitative pathological study demonstrates that several etiologic agents and pathologic processes are involved in fatal BRD of feedlot cattle.


Subject(s)
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/microbiology , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/pathology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Mannheimia haemolytica/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma bovis/isolation & purification , Pasteurellaceae/isolation & purification , Animals , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/mortality , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/virology , Canada , Cattle , Female , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Male
11.
Can Vet J ; 49(3): 253-60, 2008 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18390097

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections (unapparent acute infections and persistent infections) on the overall health and performance of feedlot cattle. Calves from 25 pens (7132 calves) were enrolled in the study. Overall and infectious disease mortality rates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pens categorized at arrival as positive for type I BVDV and lower in pens that were positive for type II BVDV than in negative pens. Mortality attributed to BVDV infection or enteritis was significantly more common (P < 0.05) in the pens containing persistently infected (PI) calves than in pens not containing PI calves (non-PI pens). There were no statistically detectable (P > or = 0.05) differences in morbidity, overall mortality, average daily gain, or the dry matter intake to gain ratio between PI and non-PI pens. Although type-I BVDV infections in feedlots appear to contribute to higher mortality rates, the presence of PI calves alone does not appear to have a strong impact on pen-level animal health and feedlot performance.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/methods , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral/pathogenicity , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/pathogenicity , Housing, Animal , Weight Gain , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/complications , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/mortality , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/pathology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/transmission , Cattle , Chronic Disease , Energy Intake , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Morbidity , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Virulence
12.
Vet Ther ; 8(3): 183-200, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17926304

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of tulathromycin (DRAX) versus tilmicosin (MIC) or oxytetracycline (TET) as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves. Calves that received DRAX had significantly (P<.05) lower initial undifferentiated fever (UF) treatment and relapse rates; lower overall chronicity, overall mortality, and cause-specific mortality rates; higher average daily gains; and improved quality grades. However, calves that received DRAX also had poorer (P<.05) yield grades compared with calves that received MIC or TET and worse feed conversion compared with calves that received MIC. Net advantages in the DRAX group were 3.79CanDollars/animal and 16.96CanDollars/animal compared with the MIC and TET groups, respectively. Based on these results, DRAX is a more efficacious and cost-effective metaphylactic antimicrobial than MIC or TET in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF. In addition, this study presents a comparison between two methods ("deads out" and "deads in") of calculating feedlot performance variables.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Cattle/growth & development , Disaccharides/pharmacology , Fever/veterinary , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Weight Gain , Animal Feed/economics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Canada , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Disaccharides/economics , Eating/drug effects , Female , Fever/drug therapy , Fever/prevention & control , Heterocyclic Compounds/economics , Macrolides , Meat/standards , Oxytetracycline , Random Allocation , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome , Tylosin/analogs & derivatives
13.
Can Vet J ; 48(6): 600-6, 2007 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17616056

ABSTRACT

A field trial was performed under commercial feedlot conditions in central Nebraska to assess the relative efficacy of tulathromycin (TULA) to florfenicol (FLOR) for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in feedlot calves that did not receive a metaphylactic antimicrobial or vaccines/bacterins containing Mannheimia haemolytica or Histophilus somni at feedlot arrival by comparing animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristic variables. Two hundred recently weaned, auction market derived, crossbred beef calves that met the study-specific case definition of UF were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 experimental groups as follows: TULA, which received tulathromycin administered subcutaneously at the rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) once at the time of allocation; or FLOR, which received florfenicol administered subcutaneously at the rate of 40 mg/kg BW once at the time of allocation. In terms of animal health, the first UF relapse (RR = 0.65), overall mortality (RR = 0.33), and BRD mortality (RR = 0.29) rates in the TULA group were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the FLOR group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences between the TULA and FLOR groups for the other animal health variables measured. There was no significant (P > or = 0.05) difference in average daily gain between the TULA and FLOR groups. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in the overall distributions of quality grade and yield grade between the experimental groups; however, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher proportion of carcasses in the TULA group graded yield grade USDA-4 as compared with the FLOR group. In the economic analysis, the benefits observed resulted in an economic advantage of $52.50 USD/animal in the TULA group due to lower first UF relapse and overall mortality rates, even though the occurrence of yield grade USDA-4 carcasses increased and the initial UF treatment cost was higher.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Disaccharides/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy , Animals , Cattle , Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary , Nebraska , Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/mortality , Recurrence , Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives , Thiamphenicol/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Weight Gain
14.
Vet Ther ; 7(3): 257-74, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17039449

ABSTRACT

The relative effect of metaphylactic ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) versus metaphylactic tilmicosin was evaluated in beef calves under commercial feedlot conditions in Nebraska. At feedlot arrival, 11,605 animals at ultrahigh risk of developing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were allocated to one of three experimental groups: CCFA-3 (6.6 mg/kg SC), CCFA-7 (6.6 mg/kg), or TILM-3 (tilmicosin, 10 mg/kg SC). Animals were eligible for subsequent BRD treatment 3 (CCFA-3 and TILM-3 groups) or 7 (CCFA-7 group) days later. Compared with the TILM-3 group, overall chronicity, overall mortality, BRD mortality, and metabolic mortality rates were significantly (P < .05) lower in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups; average daily gain was significantly (P < .05) higher in the CCFA-3 group; the proportion of quality grade No Roll carcasses was significantly (P < .05) lower in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups; and there were per-animal advantages of 22.05 dollars and 18.98 dollars in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups, respectively. In beef calves at ultrahigh risk of developing BRD, it is more cost effective to administer metaphylactic CCFA than tilmicosin at feedlot arrival.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/drug therapy , Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/prevention & control , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Animals , Cattle , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary , Macrolides/pharmacology , Male , Random Allocation , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tylosin/analogs & derivatives , Tylosin/pharmacology
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