Decreasing the Stress of Medication Management During Cardiac Arrest.

Cardiac arrest affects more than 500 000 people every year, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. In addition to high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early defibrillation, medications are included in treatment algorithms. Epinephrine and amiodarone are commonly used, with other medications being used in specific situations of cardiac arrest. Although participating in the care of a patient in cardiac arrest is complex and stressful, having a baseline understanding of the medications being used, routes of administration, and special considerations can be helpful in mitigating some of the stress in these situations.

Antiepileptic drugs and suicide-related outcomes in bipolar disorder: A descriptive review of published data.

INTRODUCTION: In January 2008 the US Food and Drug Administration issued a warning to healthcare professionals about the potential for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior associated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Given that AEDs are important for treating bipolar disorder (BD), a better understanding of suicide-related events is necessary. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed using the following search terms: anticonvulsant OR valpro* OR carbamazepine OR lamotrigine OR oxcarbazepine OR topiramate AND bipolar AND suicid*. The objective was to identify published investigations reporting rate and/or risk data of suicide-related outcomes in BD patients treated with AED monotherapy. RESULTS: The search identified 323 reviewable citations, with 13 of these studies (4.0%) being reviewed. Valproate was studied most often, and lithium treatment was frequently used as a reference group. Carbamazepine and lamotrigine had small treatment exposure durations. Suicide attempts and suicide deaths were studied the most; a few trials investigated suicidal thinking and/or hospitalizations for suicidal behavior. Suicide attempt rates occurred in the following order: no treatment > carbamazepine > valproate > lithium, while suicide death rates were: no treatment > valproate > lithium > carbamazepine. For valproate, the risk of suicide attempts and suicide death appeared higher than lithium, but lower than no treatment. DISCUSSION: Investigating suicide-related events for AEDs in BD is difficult; more data are necessary for valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. An improved understanding of AED treatment and suicide-related events in BD may help pharmacists become more effective at supporting their patients with BD.

The Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler, a Novel Inhaled Drug Delivery Device.

Summary The Respimat SMI offers a novel delivery mechanism for the management of primarily COPD, but asthma as well. Presently, four different medications, as monotherapy or a combination of two active ingredients, are available using the Respimat SMI technology. Multiple studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of these drugs when delivered via Respimat SMI. Patients tend to prefer the Respimat SMI over traditional inhaler devices, as it overcomes some of the disadvantages posed by traditional delivery devices.