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2.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 4(2)jun. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549807

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant. Objectives: To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively impaired subjects were referred from the Hospital das Clínicas to the RCCD where subjects and their informants were assessed. The same informant was then interviewed at the BBBABSG. Specialists' panel consensus, in each group, determined the final diagnosis of the case, blind to other center's diagnosis. Data was compared for frequency of diagnostic equivalence. For this study, the diagnosis established at the RCCD was accepted as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were computed. Results: Ninety individuals were included, 45 with dementia and 45 without dementia (26 cognitively normal and 19 cognitively impaired but non-demented). The informant interview at the BBBABSG had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 84.4% for the diagnosis of dementia, and a sensitivity of 65.3% and specificity of 93.7% for the diagnosis of normal cognition. Conclusions: The informant interview used at the BBBABSG has a high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia as well as a high specificity for the diagnosis of normal cognition.


Os diagnósticos de cognição normal ou de demência dos casos do Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem se baseado em entrevista realizada com informante. Objetivos: Verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade do diagnóstico postmortem baseado em entrevista com informante quando comparado com o diagnóstico estabelecido em clínica de memória. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi conduzido no Banco de Encéfalos e no Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos (CEREDIC), uma clínica especializada do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Indivíduos controle e cognitivamente comprometidos foram encaminhados pelo Hospital das Clínicas ao CEREDIC onde os indivíduos foram avaliados e os informantes entrevistados. O mesmo informante foi então entrevistado pela equipe do Banco de Encéfalos. Consenso em painel de especialistas, em cada centro, estabeleceu o diagnóstico final em cada caso, sem conhecimento do diagnóstico do outro centro. Os diagnósticos foram comparados, admitindo-se o diagnóstico estabelecido no CEREDIC como padrão-ouro. Sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas. Resultados: 90 indivíduos foram incluídos, 45 com demência e 45 não-dementes (26 cognitivamente normais e 19 com comprometimento cognitivo sem demência). A entrevista realizada no Banco de Encéfalos teve sensibilidade de 86,6% e especificidade de 84,4% para o diagnóstico de demência e sensibilidade de 65,3% e especificidade de 93,7% para o diagnóstico de cognição normal. Conclusões: A entrevista com informante realizada no Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem altas sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de demência e alta especificidade para o diagnóstico de cognição normal.


Subject(s)
Aging , Brain , Dementia , Diagnosis , Tissue Banks
3.
Dement Neuropsychol ; 4(2): 138-144, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29213677

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively impaired subjects were referred from the Hospital das Clínicas to the RCCD where subjects and their informants were assessed. The same informant was then interviewed at the BBBABSG. Specialists' panel consensus, in each group, determined the final diagnosis of the case, blind to other center's diagnosis. Data was compared for frequency of diagnostic equivalence. For this study, the diagnosis established at the RCCD was accepted as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were computed. RESULTS: Ninety individuals were included, 45 with dementia and 45 without dementia (26 cognitively normal and 19 cognitively impaired but non-demented). The informant interview at the BBBABSG had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 84.4% for the diagnosis of dementia, and a sensitivity of 65.3% and specificity of 93.7% for the diagnosis of normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS: The informant interview used at the BBBABSG has a high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia as well as a high specificity for the diagnosis of normal cognition.


Os diagnósticos de cognição normal ou de demência dos casos do Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem se baseado em entrevista realizada com informante. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade do diagnóstico postmortem baseado em entrevista com informante quando comparado com o diagnóstico estabelecido em clínica de memória. MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo foi conduzido no Banco de Encéfalos e no Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos (CEREDIC), uma clínica especializada do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Indivíduos controle e cognitivamente comprometidos foram encaminhados pelo Hospital das Clínicas ao CEREDIC onde os indivíduos foram avaliados e os informantes entrevistados. O mesmo informante foi então entrevistado pela equipe do Banco de Encéfalos. Consenso em painel de especialistas, em cada centro, estabeleceu o diagnóstico final em cada caso, sem conhecimento do diagnóstico do outro centro. Os diagnósticos foram comparados, admitindo-se o diagnóstico estabelecido no CEREDIC como padrão-ouro. Sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas. RESULTADOS: 90 indivíduos foram incluídos, 45 com demência e 45 não-dementes (26 cognitivamente normais e 19 com comprometimento cognitivo sem demência). A entrevista realizada no Banco de Encéfalos teve sensibilidade de 86,6% e especificidade de 84,4% para o diagnóstico de demência e sensibilidade de 65,3% e especificidade de 93,7% para o diagnóstico de cognição normal. CONCLUSÕES: A entrevista com informante realizada no Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem altas sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de demência e alta especificidade para o diagnóstico de cognição normal.

4.
Int Psychogeriatr ; 21(3): 531-8, 2009 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19323868

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dementia screening in elderly people with low education can be difficult to implement. For these subjects, informant reports using the long (L) (26 items) and short (C) (16 items) versions of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) can be useful. The objective of the present study was to investigate the performance of Brazilian versions of the IQCODE L, S and a new short version (SBr) (15 items) in comparison with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) for dementia screening in elderly people with low education. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with mild to moderate dementia, diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria, and 57 controls were evaluated and divided into three groups based on their socioeconomic status and level of education. Patients were evaluated using the MMSE and the informants were interviewed using the IQCODE by interviewers blind to the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Education was correlated with MMSE results (r = 0.280, p = 0.031), but not with the versions of the IQCODE. The performance of the instruments, evaluated by the ROC curves, was very similar, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97). MMSE correctly classified 85.7% of the subjects while the three IQCODE versions (L, S and SBr) correctly classified 91.2% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The long, short and the new short Brazilian IQCODE versions can be useful as a screening tool for mild and moderate patients with dementia in Brazil. The IQCODE is not biased by schooling, and it seems to be an adequate instrument for samples with low levels of education.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Geriatric Assessment , Mass Screening/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Aged , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Status Schedule/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics , ROC Curve , Sex Factors
5.
Dement Neuropsychol ; 3(1): 68-72, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29213613

ABSTRACT

Cognitive decline associated with radiotherapy is a progressive complication that affects many patients submitted to this form of treatment. The lack of an effective treatment drives research for new treatment options to improve the quality of life of patients with this disorder. We report the case of a 64 year-old man who developed a severe dementia of the frontal subcortical type, which was associated with subcortical frontal lesions and appeared as a late complication of radiotherapy used to treat a pituitary tumor. After many pharmacological attempts to improve his cognitive and behavioral problems, the patient showed a significant improvement in the cognitive, functional and behavioral impairments after treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. This report discusses hypotheses for the positive effect of this treatment.


A demência associada à radioterapia é uma complicação grave e tardia que acomete muitos pacientes submetidos à RT. A falta de um tratamento efetivo faz com que novas opções de tratamento sejam pesquisadas, no intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes que apresentam esta complicação. Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 64 anos que anos depois de radioterapia utilizada para tratamento de um tumor de hipófise evoluiu com uma síndrome demencial frontal grave com lesões subcorticais frontais. Depois de muitas tentativas farmacológicas para melhorar seus transtornos cognitivos e comportamentais houve importante melhora cognitiva, funcional e comportamental com o uso de inibidor da acetilcolinesterase. Hipóteses para explicar este efeito positivo do tratamento são discutidas.

6.
Dement Neuropsychol ; 2(4): 300-304, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29213589

ABSTRACT

Reaching a diagnosis may be difficult in the initial stages of dementia, especially in low educated individuals, when informant reports may be useful. OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the IQCODE against cognitive tests applied in clinical practice and to evaluate the possible cut-off points in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals without dementia (CDR=0; N=5), with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (CDR=0.5; N=15) and demented (CDR≥1; N=29) were evaluated using the Short IQCODE, a 16-item questionnaire applied to an informant, and on standard cognitive and functional scales. Diagnosis was reached by a consensus team with expertise in dementia, according to DSM-IV criteria, which was blind to the IQCODE results. RESULTS: IQCODE scores were positively correlated to the CDR (r=0.65, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with years of schooling (r= -0.33, p=0.021). IQCODE scores were positively correlated with CDR controlled by age and education (r=0.61, p<0.001). Linear regression showed that age was associated with the IQCODE (p=0.016) whereas education was not associated (p=0.078). IQCODE means according to the CDR classification were: CDR 0-3.37; CDR 0.5-3.75; CDR 1-4.32; CDR 2-4.61; CDR 3-5.00. The area under the ROC curve for dementia vs. controls was 0.869 (p<0.001), MCI vs. controls, 0.821 (p<0.001); and according to the groups classified by the CDR was: CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 1=0.649 (p=0.089), CDR 1 vs. CDR 2=0.779 (p=0.009), and CDR 2 vs. CDR 3=0.979 (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that the short IQCODE can be used for the screening of MCI and dementia in Brazil.


O diagnóstico pode ser difícil em estágios iniciais de demência, especialmente em população de baixa escolaridade, quando os relatos de informantes podem ser úteis. OBJETIVO: Comparar a sensibilidade e especificidade do IQCODE com outros testes e diagnóstico clinico, assim como identificar os possíveis pontos de corte no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Indivíduos sem demência (CDR=0; N=5), com comprometimento cognitivo leve (MCI) (CDR=0,5; N=15) e dementados (CDR≥1; N=29) foram avaliados usando o IQCODE reduzido, um questionário de 16 itens aplicado ao informante, e escalas cognitivas e funcionais padrões. Diagnóstico final foi fornecido por consenso de especialistas, com experiência em demência, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV, e cegos quanto ao resultado do IQCODE. RESULTADOS: IQCODE tem uma correlação positiva com o CDR (r=0.65, p<0.001) e negativa com anos de escolaridade (r= ­0.33, p=0.021). IQCODE mantêm correlação positiva com o CDR quando controlado por idade e escolaridade (r=0.61, p<0.001). Na regressão linear a idade continuou a afetar o resultado do IQCODE (p=0.016) enquanto a escolaridade não (p=0.078). Médias do IQCODE de acordo com a classificação do CDR: CDR 0­3.37; CDR 0.5­3.75; CDR 1­4.32; CDR 2­4.61; CDR 3­5.00. A área sob a curva ROC para demência vs. controles foi 0.869 (p<0.001), MCI vs. controles, 0.821 (p<0.001) e de acordo com os CDR foi: CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 1=0.649 (p=0.089), CDR 1 vs. CDR 2=0.779 (p=0.009) e CDR 2 vs. CDR 3 =0.979 (p=0.023). CONCLUSÃO: Esses achados preliminares sugerem que o IQCODE Curto pode ser usado como instrumento de triagem para MCI e demência no Brasil.

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