ABSTRACT
Two hundred individual samples of Pashtun population from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were randomly evaluated through 10 MiniSTR loci (CSF1PO, D7S820, TPOX, D18S51, D2S1338, D13S317, FGA, D5S818, D21S11, and D16S539). The PCR product size was reduced in the range of 65 to 280 bp. A total of 112 alleles were observed containing allelic frequency ranging from 0.0025 to 0.4325. Statistical values for forensic and parentage analysis were calculated including combined power of discrimination (PD), combined power of exclusion (PE), and cumulative probability of matching (PM) and equaled to 0.99999999999768, 0.99984944, and 2.33 × 10(-12), respectively. These MiniSTRs show a high degree of polymorphism information content and discriminatory power which would be helpful to resolve forensic cases and establish DNA database for major population groups of Pakistan. In contrast to different populations, significant differences were also observed on these loci.
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Ethnicity/genetics , Gene Frequency/genetics , Genetics, Population , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Exons/genetics , Genetic Carrier Screening , Haplotypes , Humans , Introns/genetics , Male , Pakistan , Paternity , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology, clinical features and outcome of fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy. METHODS: An observational hospital based study was conducted at Isra University hospital Hyderabad from 1st March 2009 to 28th February 2010. Total 1192 obstetric patients were admitted in obstetrics & gynaecology department during this period, of whom 52 were with Fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy and were included in this study. A pre-designed structured proforma was used. All patients had clinical history and underwent a physical examination. Routine laboratory tests, liver function tests and viral serology were performed in all cases. All results were analyzed on statistical software SPSS version 11. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, the final outcome was recorded. RESULTS: Out of 52, 6 (11.5%) presented in the first trimester, 4 (7.6%) in the second trimester and 42 (80.7%) were in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Etiology of the disease was Hepatitis E in 28 (53.8%), Hepatitis B in 9 (17.3%), Hepatitis C in 7 (13.5%) HELLP syndrome in 7 (13.5%) and acute fatty liver of pregnancy in 1 (3.57%) case. Maternal mortality was 15 (28.8%) and foetal mortality was 40 (77%). Only 12 (23.1%) new born remained alive. CONCLUSION: Fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy has very high foetal and maternal mortality which is mostly due to viral hepatitis E.
Subject(s)
Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/therapy , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Adult , Demography , Female , Humans , Liver Function Tests , Pakistan , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the frequency and severity of perineal tears during vaginal delivery. METHODS: It was a prospective observational study done at the Countess Lady Duffrin Fund Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan, from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2010. Women with full-term singleton pregnancy primigravida or multigravida, in active labour were included in the study. Patients with pre-term labour, breech presentation and antepartum haemorrhage were excluded, leaving the study population to be 147/1488. A predesigned structured proforma was used after informed verbal consent by the patient. All results were analysed on SPSS version 11. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, while Spearman's rho test (two-tailed) was applied for categorical variables. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The frequency of perineal tears in our study was 147/1488 (9.8%). The mean age was 28.08 +/- 7.47, ranging between 17-42 years. The vast majority, 100 (68%) delivered spontaneously, 45 (30.6%) were delivered with help of the forceps, and only 2 (1.4%) had vacuum delivery. Parity, oxytocin use, mediolateral episiotomy, forceps use, weight of babies > 3.6 kg were significantly associated with perineal tears. CONCLUSION: Perineal tears cause considerable post-natal morbidity. Identification of risk factors, vigilant monitoring during labour and good perineal support is recommended for minimising the risk of perineal trauma as well as morbidity.
