ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine spatiotemporal variability and identify clustering patterns of hospitalization rates for diarrhea in children younger than five years in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2011 to 2020. METHODS: An ecological study was conducted using hospitalization records associated with diarrhea from the Brazilian Hospital Information System/Unified Health System. The relative risk of hospitalization for diarrhea in each municipality was calculated using SaTScan software considering a statistical significance level of 5% and 999 Monte Carlo replications. RESULTS: A total of 13,315 diarrhea-associated hospitalizations for 5-year-old children were recorded. From 2011 to 2020, the annual rates for hospitalizations related to diarrhea decreased from 8.50 to 3.45/1,000 live births among children younger than one year and from 4.99 to 1.57 for children aged 1-4 years. Clusters of municipalities with high relative risk for hospitalizations due to diarrhea, statistically significant, predominated in the North, Northeast, and Southwest health administrative macro-regions of Mato Grosso for both age groups until 2016. From 2016 to 2020, clusters of the lowest relative risk were identified in the North and Center South health administrative macro-regions for children younger than five years. CONCLUSION: Results showed that hospitalization rates for diarrhea in children younger than five years reduced with the presence of low-risk clusters in Mato Grosso in the final years of the study. Public health surveillance should incorporate spatial analysis to investigate the diarrhea-related morbidity.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea , Hospitalization , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/trends , Child, Preschool , Infant , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Male , Female , Time Factors , Infant, Newborn , Cluster Analysis , Age DistributionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To examine spatiotemporal variability and identify clustering patterns of hospitalization rates for diarrhea in children younger than five years in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2011 to 2020. Methods: An ecological study was conducted using hospitalization records associated with diarrhea from the Brazilian Hospital Information System/Unified Health System. The relative risk of hospitalization for diarrhea in each municipality was calculated using SaTScan software considering a statistical significance level of 5% and 999 Monte Carlo replications. Results: A total of 13,315 diarrhea-associated hospitalizations for 5-year-old children were recorded. From 2011 to 2020, the annual rates for hospitalizations related to diarrhea decreased from 8.50 to 3.45/1,000 live births among children younger than one year and from 4.99 to 1.57 for children aged 1-4 years. Clusters of municipalities with high relative risk for hospitalizations due to diarrhea, statistically significant, predominated in the North, Northeast, and Southwest health administrative macro-regions of Mato Grosso for both age groups until 2016. From 2016 to 2020, clusters of the lowest relative risk were identified in the North and Center South health administrative macro-regions for children younger than five years. Conclusion: Results showed that hospitalization rates for diarrhea in children younger than five years reduced with the presence of low-risk clusters in Mato Grosso in the final years of the study. Public health surveillance should incorporate spatial analysis to investigate the diarrhea-related morbidity.
RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a variabilidade espaçotemporal e identificar clusters de hospitalização por diarreia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade de Mato Grosso, de 2011 a 2020. Métodos: Um estudo ecológico foi conduzido utilizando os registros de hospitalização por diarreia do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar/Sistema Único de Saúde. O risco relativo de hospitalização por diarreia em cada município foi calculado utilizando o software SaTScan, considerando-se o nível de significância estatística de 5% e 999 replicações de Monte Carlo. Resultados: O total de 13.315 hospitalizações por diarreia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade foram registradas. As taxas anuais de hospitalização por diarreia reduziram de 8,50 para 3,45/1.000 nascidos vivos em crianças menores de um ano de idade e de 4,99 para 1,57 em crianças de 1-4 anos de idade, de 2011 a 2020. Clusters de municípios com alto risco relativo para hospitalização por diarreia, estatisticamente significantes, predominaram nas macrorregiões administrativas de saúde Norte, Nordeste e Sudoeste de Mato Grosso para crianças de ambos os grupos etários, até 2016. De 2016 a 2020, clusters de baixo risco relativo foram identificados nas macrorregiões administrativas de saúde Norte e Centro-Sul para crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram redução das taxas de hospitalização por diarreia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, com a presença de clusters de baixo risco em Mato Grosso nos últimos anos estudados. Os monitoramentos de saúde pública devem incorporar análises espaciais na investigação da morbidade por diarreia.