First record of the aquatic plant Echinodorus scaber Rataj (Alismataceae) for the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil.

Echinodorus is the second largest genus of the aquatic plant family Alismataceae, comprising 28 species, of which 24 occur in Brazil. This study represents the first record of Echinodorus scaber Rataj for the State of Maranhão, based on material collected in the Municipality of Brejo, eastern Maranhão. Echinodorus scaber shares morphological similarities with E. macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli, but it can be distinguished by (I) a highly branched inflorescence, (II) scabrous peduncles and petioles covered by stellate trichomes, and (II) small flowers with reflexed petals. This new record of E. scaber contributes to a better understanding of this genus' diversity and distribution in Maranhão and underscores the necessity to broaden collection efforts for a better comprehension of the state's flooded zones. Comprehensive collection efforts, with a special focus on aquatic plants and in locations far from the state's main urban center, São Luís, may result in a significant knowledge increase of the flora, especially of the genus Echinodorus, which needs a broad taxonomic study. These recommendations may result in new records, range extensions, and species descriptions, contributing to the conservation of the aquatic environments of Maranhão.

Floristic survey of aquatic macrophytes in eastern Maranhão, Brazil: richness, biological forms and three new records.

The aim of this study was to carry out a floristic survey of aquatic macrophytes in the municipality of Chapadinha, eastern Maranhão, and classify their biological forms. The study was done between September 2021 and September 2022. A total of 31 families, 49 genera and 72 species of aquatic macrophytes were catalogued, of which 65 are angiosperms. Among them, Bacopa stricta (Plantaginaceae), Staurogyne diantheroides (Acanthaceae), and Xanthosoma aristeguietae (Araceae) are new records for the flora of Maranhão, with the last two new records for Northeast Brazil. The richest family was Cyperaceae, with 11 species, followed by Plantaginaceae (seven taxa), Fabaceae (five taxa) and Lentibulariaceae (five taxa). Six biological forms were recorded, amphibious (27 taxa) and emergent (26 taxa) being the most common. The aquatic environments of Chapadinha are home to a considerable number of species, families, and life forms of macrophytes. The results show that due to the lack of surveys, evidenced by the new records presented, the state aquatic flora is still underestimated. Further studies in poorly explored areas are suggested, especially in the eastern part of the state, to improve understanding of species richness.

Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis: a real-world Portuguese multicenter retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a difficult-to-treat inflammatory skin disease with a high impact on patients' quality of life. Dupilumab, an IL-4 and IL-13 inhibitor, was the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD and is currently approved in patients aged 6 or older. METHODS: This is a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective, 48-week study designed by the Portuguese Group of AD to assess real-world efficacy and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of AD. RESULTS: A total of 169 patients were enrolled, with a mean disease duration of 22.75 (±11.98) years. The percentage of patients achieving an improvement of at least 75% in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) compared to baseline (EASI75 response) at weeks 12 and 48 was 67.6% and 74.1%, respectively. In the same timepoints, 25.0% and 44.1% achieved an EASI90 response. Patient-reported outcome measures also improved throughout the study period. Regarding safety, 32.0% of the patients developed adverse events, with conjunctivitis (26.6%), persistent facial erythema (4.7%), and arthritis/arthralgia (3.6%) as the more frequently reported. CONCLUSION: Data from real-world populations are crucial to guide clinicians in their daily decisions. This study provides data demonstrating that dupilumab is an effective and safe therapeutic option for AD.

[Therapeutic protocol for the empirical treatment of oral and pharyngeal infections]. / Protocolo terapéutico empírico de las infecciones bucales y faríngeas.

INTRODUCTION: Most oral cavity infections are odontogenic, although they can also affect extradental structures (non-odontogenic infections). Pharyngitis is inflammation and/or infection of the pharynx and /or the peri-tonsillar area. TREATMENT: Both infections are highly prevalent in the population, and one of the most common reasons for consultation and the prescription of antibiotics in primary care clinics. Both infections are usually treated empirically, based on clinical diagnosis and the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of the most commonly implicated microorganisms.

First clinical symptom as a prognostic factor in systemic sclerosis: results of a retrospective nationwide cohort study.

The objective of the study is to determine the importance of the mode of onset as prognostic factor in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Data were collected from the Spanish Scleroderma Registry (RESCLE), a nationwide retrospective multicenter database created in 2006. As first symptom, we included Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), cutaneous sclerosis, arthralgia/arthritis, puffy hands, interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and digestive hypomotility. A total of 1625 patients were recruited. One thousand three hundred forty-two patients (83%) presented with RP as first symptom and 283 patients (17%) did not. Survival from first symptom in those patients with RP mode of onset was higher at any time than those with onset as non-Raynaud's phenomenon: 97 vs. 90% at 5 years, 93 vs. 82% at 10 years, 83 vs. 62% at 20 years, and 71 vs. 50% at 30 years (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, factors related to mortality were older age at onset, male gender, dcSSc subset, ILD, PAH, scleroderma renal crisis (SRC), heart involvement, and the mode of onset with non-Raynaud's phenomenon, especially in the form of puffy hands or pulmonary involvement. The mode of onset should be considered an independent prognostic factor in systemic sclerosis and, in particular, patients who initially present with non-Raynaud's phenomenon may be considered of poor prognosis.

Parathyroidectomy in Persistent Post-transplantation Hyperparathyroidism - Single-center Experience.

BACKGROUND: Hyperparathyroidism is a common complication in chronic kidney disease and might persist in up to 25% of patients after transplantation. In this setting, vitamin D analogues further aggravate persistent hypercalcemia and cinacalcet has not been approved for these patients, some of whom will require parathyroidectomy to correct post-transplantation hyperparathyroidism. OBJECTIVES: In this single-center, retrospective study we aimed to analyze the long-term effect of parathyroidectomy on calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and its effect on allograft function in kidney transplantation patients submitted to parathyroidectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent parathyroidectomy between January 2005 and January 2015; median age 54 years old; 8 (53.3%) were receiving cinacalcet at the time of surgery. Pre-parathyroidectomy median values of intact PTH, calcium, and phosphorus were, respectively, 262 pg/mL, 10.8 mg/dL, and 2.4 mg/dL. Surgery consisted of uniglandular parathyroidectomy in 5 (33.3%) patients, biglandular in 4 (26.7%), and subtotal in 6 (40%). There was no surgery-related mortality. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, there was a decrease of PTH (262 pg/mL vs. 106 pg/mL, P = .001), calcium, and phosphorus levels (10.8 mg/dL vs. 10.4 mg/dL, P = .3; 2.4 vs. 2.9 mg/dL, P = .05) 1 year after surgery; with normalization of serum calcium at the end of follow-up (10.8 mg/dL vs. 9.4 mg/dL, P = .04). A decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate occurred 1 month post-surgery (62.7 mL/m vs. 49.7 mL/m, P = .006) but returned to baseline 1 year after surgery (62.7 mL/m vs. 60.8 mL/m, P = .73). CONCLUSION: Parathyroidectomy appears to be a safe procedure and should be considered in kidney transplantation patients with persistent post-transplantation hyperparathyroidism. Although there was an acute estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease, we observed no long-term deterioration in allograft function.

Late Allograft Renal Vein Thrombosis Treated With Anticoagulation Alone: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Allograft renal vein thrombosis is a rare complication of kidney transplantation. Most cases occur in the first 2 weeks after transplantation, but there are cases described many years after the transplant surgery. Allograft loss is the usual outcome. METHODS: We present a case of a renal transplant recipient with allograft renal vein thrombosis associated with deep venous thrombosis of a lower limb, 9 years after transplantation. He was successfully treated with anticoagulation alone, with recovery of allograft function. RESULTS: The patient was given unfractioned heparin and elastic compression stockings. Five days later, the patient recovered diuresis and hemodialysis treatment was discontinued. Doppler ultrasound was done and revealed partial re-permeabilization of allograft renal vein, with maximal velocity of 15 cm/s. After 30 months of follow-up, the patient was maintained on oral anticoagulation with warfarin, and no thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events were documented. The patient's serum creatinine was stable, between 1.6 and 1.8 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient demonstrated that anticoagulation alone and dialytic support might be able to promote total recovery of allograft function after renal vein thrombosis.