Human papillomavirus-negative epithelial proliferations resembling condylomata acuminata in a patient receiving vemurafenib for Stage IV melanoma.

With the discovery of v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibitors, new treatment possibilities arose against metastatic melanoma. A frequent adverse effect of BRAF inhibitor therapy is the induction of epithelial proliferations such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous papilloma. Here, we describe a case in which a patient developed extensive anal epithelial proliferations resembling condylomata acuminata, after starting vemurafenib treatment. This adverse effect has rarely been reported in the literature. Interestingly, the lesions in our patient were negative for human papillomavirus, and mutations in BRAF, Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) were not detected. Different pathways can contribute to these epithelial proliferations resembling condylomata acuminata. We show the relevance of a detailed history at the beginning and during treatment, instructions, education, and dermatological follow-up (including the genital area) for patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. Condylomata acuminata can influence the quality of life and are treated, in an early stage, with cryotherapy, coagulation, imiquimod, and/or CO2 laser therapy.

Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma Among Patients With Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome: Development of a Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Patient Registry.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) have a greater risk of developing numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Risk factors influencing the wide variation in tumor burden are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden of BCCs in patients with BCNS in the United States and identify potential risk factors for BCCs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective clinical registry with data collected from September 2014 to March 2016. Participants were recruited from a mailing list of patients with BCNS at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and Basal Cell Carcinoma Nevus Syndrome Life Support Network. Patients of all ages with a diagnosis of BCNS were eligible for enrollment. Participants completed a clinical questionnaire on their disease characteristics and risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Number of BCCs in the past 2 years and over lifetime (disease burden), risk factors for BCCs. RESULTS: A consecutive sample of the first 141 participants was included (34% [100 of 297] response rate from paper survey, 23% [41 of 179] from online survey; 85 [60%] female; mean age at start of study, 53 [range, 8-83] years; 131 [93%] white). In the previous 2 years, participants reported a mean of 25 BCCs (median, 11; range, 0-250). Over their lifetime, participants reported a mean of 257 BCCs (median, 160; range, 0-2200). Univariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07; P < .001), number of sunburns (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10; P = .047), and history of radiation exposure (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.02-5.03; P = .046) as potential risk factors for lifetime BCC severity. On multivariate analysis, only age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P < .001) and number of sunburns (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11; P = .04) were statistically significant. In our adjusted models, BCC burden increased by 4% per year of age and by 6% per number of sunburns. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Patients with BCNS have a high burden of BCCs. Age and number of sunburns were significantly associated with the severity of lifetime BCC. Further interventions to prevent and treat BCCs in patients with BCNS are needed.