Generation of isogenic control DJ-1-delP GC13 for the genetic Parkinson's disease-patient derived iPSC line DJ-1-delP (LCSBi008-A-1).

We describe the generation of an isogenic control cell line DJ-1-delP GC13 from an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line DJ-1-delP LCSBi008-A that was derived from fibroblasts obtained from a Parkinson's disease (PD) patient. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we corrected the disease causing c.471_473delGCC homozygous mutation in the PARK7 gene leading to p.158P deletion in the encoded protein DJ-1. The generated isogenic pair will be used for phenotypic analysis of PD-patient derived neurons and astrocytes.

Gene expression in Fusarium graminearum grown on plant cell wall.

Fusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus attacking a wide range of plants including Humulus lupulus (hop). Transcriptional analysis of F. graminearum grown on minimal media containing hop cell wall or glucose as the sole carbon source was performed by applying a highly stringent method combining microarrays and a subtracted cDNA library. In addition to genes coding for various cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), several metabolic pathways were induced in response to the plant cell wall substrate. Many genes participating in these pathways are probably involved in cellular transport. But the most interesting was that all the genes composing the 4-aminobutyrate-shunt (GABA-shunt) were also up-regulated in the presence of plant cell wall material and were present in the cDNA library. This study provides a description of a part of the fungal gene expression profile when it is in contact with raw biological materials, and helps in understanding the plant cell wall degradation and the infection process.

Fusarium graminearum on plant cell wall: no fewer than 30 xylanase genes transcribed.

The transcription of a set of 32 putative xylanase genes from Fusarium graminearum was examined by quantitative PCR after growth on different carbon sources (hop cell wall, xylan, xylose, or carboxymethylcellulose). Growing on plant cell wall medium, this fungus displays a great diversity of expression of xylan-related genes, with 30 being induced. A second level of diversity exists because expression patterns can be very different for loci encoding enzymes with the same activity (the same EC number). The wealth of xylan-degrading enzymes and the differential expression confer on the fungus a great flexibility of reaction to variation in its environment.

SNPs and MALDI-TOF MS: tools for DNA typing in forensic paternity testing and anthropology.

DNA markers used for individual identification in forensic sciences are based on repeat sequences in nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions 1 and 2. An alternative to these markers is the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These have a particular advantage in the analysis of degraded or poor samples, which are often all that is available in forensics or anthropology. In order to study the potential of SNP analysis in these fields, 41 SNPs were selected on the basis of following criteria: conservation, lack of phenotypic expression, and frequency of occurrence in populations. Thirty-six autosomal SNPs were used for genotyping 21 inclusionary and 3 exclusionary paternity cases. The behavior of 5 X-chromosome SNPs was analyzed in a French representative population. Our approach to SNP typing is a multiplex PCR based amplification followed by simultaneous detection by primer extension (PEX) analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The selected autosomal SNPs showed independent inheritance and gave clear results in paternity investigation. All X-SNPs were useful as both paternity and identification markers. PEX and MALDI-TOF MS, with their high sensitivity, precision and speed, gave a powerful method for forensic and anthropological exploitation of biallelic markers.