DIAGNOSTIC OF THE ATHLETE'S HEART AND FACTORS AFFECTING ITS DEVELOPING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Studying the features of the structure and function of the heart in athletes and identifying the factors that influence the development of these changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study included 54 athletes, 29 men and 25 women. The ultrasound study was performed according to standard methods with determining the size of the main structures of the heart, indicators normalized to body surface area, height. RESULTS: Results: The heart of dilatation and hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium were found in 25.93% of the athletes. When comparing the diameter of the left ventricle of individual athletes with the average values of the norm, their excess was found in 94.44% of athletes. The Odds ratio (OR) of the relationship between left ventricle diameter (LVd) and time of the exercise less than 10 y was 16.13, time of the exercise less than 5 y - 0.17 (p <0.05). OR of increase LVd to age less than 20 years was 3.56 units (p <0.05). The ejection fraction was above the normative mean in 75.93%, as well as the ratio of the periods of filling of the ventricles. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The most common sign of an athlete's heart development was left ventricular dilatation, which occurred at a rate of 25 percent. Age less than 20 years and the duration of sports activities from 5 to 10 years is associated with a higher frequency of the athlete's heart.

Crystallographic investigation of urine in newborn with renal disturbance due to asphyxia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of renal injury in neonates with asphyxia by identifying of structural markers according to research facies of urine in newborns of different gestational ages. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 150 full-term with signs of kidney damage due to asphyxia: 75 babies with severe asphyxia, and 75 children with moderate asphyxia and 100 preterm infants: 50 children with severe asphyxia and 50 children with moderate. Comparison groups: group 1 consisted of 20 full-term infants, group 2 which included 20 preterm neonates. Material for the study - morning portion of urine, which was collected at 8-10 a.m. on 1-2 and 7-8 days of life. RESULTS: Results: morphological picture of facies of newborns with asphyxia depends on the severity of pathological changes in the urine (proteinuria) and urine output. Structure of facies in babies with renal distorbance due to severe asphyxia indicates a significant loss of organic and mineral substances in the urine. The width of the peripheral zone facies, the amount of solid particles transferred depends on the severity of asphyxia, the difference in morphology facies is maintained even at the end of the early neonatal period. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Analysis of dried drops of urine in infants with renal impairment on the background of asphyxia can be used as one of the criteria for assessing kidney function and have prognostic value.

Peculiarities of antibiotic-associated diarrhea development in children with acute respiratory infections.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause of morbidity in most countries. The probability of complications and age determine antibiotics administration. Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is one of the side effects of antibiotics. The aim: The study of the prevalence rate of AAD and the characteristics of its development in children with ARI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study included 75 children aged from 1 to 12 y diagnosed with ARI, who were treated with age-specific doses of antibiotics. The influence of children's anamnesis, parents' health on the development of AAD was studied with odds ratio calculation (OR). RESULTS: Results: In general, AAD incidence was 52%. The highest frequency 59.3% was observed in children under 3 y. AAD most often developed in children treated with amoxicillin - 92%. The greatest dependence of AAD development was connected with breastfeeding less than 6 months - OR was 7.65, preterm birth - 2.9, functional GIT disorders in anamnesis - up to 3.14, allergy - 2.33. The risk of AAD development increased with the age of parents more than 35 y - 5.03, at the age of parents less than 18 and older than 35 y - 4.09, parents' allergies - 3.74 and parents smoking - 2.43. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The most important factors of AAD development on antibiotics therapy in children with ARI are breastfeeding less than 6 months, functional GIT disorders and allergic conditions in anamnesis. Suboptimal age and parents' health (GIT disorders, allergic conditions and unhealthy habits) also increase the risk of AAD development.

DYNAMICS OF CONTENT OF SOME MINERALS IN TEENAGERS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PATHOLOGY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS ZMIANY ZAWARTOSCI NIEKTÓRYCH SKLADNIKÓW MINERALNYCH U MLODZIEZY Z CHOROBAMI UKLADU SERCOWO-NACZYNIOWEGO JAKO PODLOZE ROZWOJU PRZEWLEKLEGO ZAPALENIA MIGDALKÓW PODNIEBIENNYCH.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children and teenagers, such as chronic tonsillitis is quite common in pediatric populations, accompanied by changes in reactivity, causing a risk of complications. Due to the fact that the child's body resistance to acute infectious diseases depends on the sufficiency of trace elements, then at present stage greatly increased interest in deeper study of exchange of macro- and microelements in the human body in normal and pathological conditions. The aim: To study the dynamics of zinc, iron, potassium and magnesium in adolescents with disorders of the cardiovascular system with chronic tonsillitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: It was examined 63 patients with chronic tonsillitis, among them- 31 children suffer from chronic tonsillitis off-damage to the cardiovascular system (I group), 32 patients with disorders of the cardiovascular system against the background of chronic tonsillitis (II group). The content of trace elements zinc, iron, minerals potassium and magnesium was analyzed. The measurement and calculation were done according to AAS-SPECTR program. Analysis and statistics treatment was done on using application programs STATISTICA 7.0 and MS Excel XP. RESULTS: Results: In result of investigation it was found a violation of trace element composition in the blood serum. Thus, in patients with chronic tonsillitis without cardiovascular system damage during hospitalization was observed a significant decrease in the concentration of iron to (15,47 ± 1,12) mmol/l. Similar changes were observed with the concentration of zinc in the blood serum. In patients with chronic tonsillitis without cardiovascular system damage during hospitalization was observed a significant decrease in the concentration of iron to (15,47 ± 1,12) mmol/l. Similar changes were observed with the concentration of zinc in the blood serum of patients of I groups during hospitalization (10,89 ± 0,57mmol/l) and was significantly lower compared with the data of healthy children (18,40 ± 0,71 mmol/l (p <0.05)). CONCLUSION: Сonclusions: It should be noted that children with tonsillogene cardiac lesions during hospitalization have a significant decreasing in the level of magnesium compared with indicators of children without pathology of the cardiovascular system. After treatment, the normalization of trace elements iron, zinc, magnesium did not happen, moreover, significant changes were observed in patients with heart disease against the background of chronic tonsillitis.