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1.
J Med Virol ; 82(1): 175-85, 2010 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19950229

ABSTRACT

Nucleotide sequences of two regions of the genomes of 11 yellow fever virus (YFV) samples isolated from monkeys or humans with symptomatic yellow fever (YF) in Brazil in 2000, 2004, and 2008 were determined with the objective of establishing the genotypes and studying the genetic variation. Results of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences generated from strains from 2004 and 2008 formed a new subclade within the clade 1 of the South American genotype I. The new subgroup is here designated as 1E. Sequences of YFV strains recovered in 2000 belong to the subclade 1D, which comprises previously characterized YFV strains from Brazil. Molecular dating analyses suggested that the new subclade 1E started diversifying from 1D about 1975 and that the most recent 2004-2008 isolates arose about 1985.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Monkey Diseases/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow fever virus , 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Brazil/epidemiology , Evolution, Molecular , Genotype , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Monkey Diseases/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , South America , Viral Envelope Proteins , Yellow Fever/veterinary , Yellow Fever/virology , Yellow fever virus/classification , Yellow fever virus/genetics , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification
2.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 49(4): 221-4, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17823750

ABSTRACT

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) enzootic in tropical South America and maintained in a sylvan cycle involving wild vertebrates and Haemagogus mosquitoes. MAYV cases occur sporadically in persons with a history of recent activities inside or around forests. This paper reports three cases of MAYV fever detected in men infected in Camapuã, MS, Brazil. Serum samples collected at four days and two months after the onset of the symptoms and examined by hemagglutination inhibition test, revealed monotypic seroconversion to MAYV. Isolation of the virus was obtained from one of the samples by inoculation of the first blood samples into newborn mice. A suspension of the infected mouse brain was inoculated into C6/36 cells culture and the virus was identified by indirect immunofluorescent assay with alphavirus polyclonal antibodies. RT-PCR, performed with RNA extracted from the supernatant of C6/36 infected cells in the presence of alphavirus generic primers as well as specific MAYV primers, confirmed these results. The reported cases illustrate the importance of laboratory confirmation in establishing a correct diagnosis. Clinical symptoms are not always indicative of a disease caused by an arbovirus. Also MAYV causes febrile illness, which may be mistaken for dengue.


Subject(s)
Alphavirus Infections/virology , Alphavirus , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Adult , Aged , Alphavirus/genetics , Alphavirus/immunology , Alphavirus Infections/diagnosis , Animals , Brazil , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 49(4): 221-224, Jul.-Aug. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460228

ABSTRACT

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) enzootic in tropical South America and maintained in a sylvan cycle involving wild vertebrates and Haemagogus mosquitoes. MAYV cases occur sporadically in persons with a history of recent activities inside or around forests. This paper reports three cases of MAYV fever detected in men infected in Camapuã, MS, Brazil. Serum samples collected at four days and two months after the onset of the symptoms and examined by hemagglutination inhibition test, revealed monotypic seroconversion to MAYV. Isolation of the virus was obtained from one of the samples by inoculation of the first blood samples into newborn mice. A suspension of the infected mouse brain was inoculated into C6/36 cells culture and the virus was identified by indirect immunofluorescent assay with alphavirus polyclonal antibodies. RT-PCR, performed with RNA extracted from the supernatant of C6/36 infected cells in the presence of alphavirus generic primers as well as specific MAYV primers, confirmed these results. The reported cases illustrate the importance of laboratory confirmation in establishing a correct diagnosis. Clinical symptoms are not always indicative of a disease caused by an arbovirus. Also MAYV causes febrile illness, which may be mistaken for dengue.


O vírus Mayaro (MAYV) é um arbovírus do gênero Alphavirus, família Togaviridae, enzoótico na América do Sul, sendo mantido em ciclo silvestre envolvendo vertebrados e mosquitos Haemagogus. Casos de MAYV são esporádicos e ocorrem em pessoas com história de recentes atividades dentro ou próximo a florestas. Este artigo relata infecção por MAYV detectada em três pacientes, infectados em Camapuã, MS, Brasil. Amostras de sangue, coletadas no 4° dia e no 2° mês após o início dos sintomas, foram usadas para teste de inibição da hemaglutinação, que revelou soroconversão monotípica para MAYV. O isolamento do vírus foi obtido somente de uma das amostras, por inoculação em camundongos lactentes. Suspensão de cérebro de camundongo infectado foi inoculada em cultura de células C6/36 e o vírus foi identificado por imunofluorescência indireta com anticorpos policlonais para alphavirus. RT-PCR realizado com RNA extraído do sobrenadante de células C6/36 infectadas, na presença de "primers" genéricos para alphavirus assim como "primers" para MAYV, confirmou os resultados. Os casos relatados ilustram a importância da confirmação laboratorial em estabelecer um diagnóstico correto. Os sintomas clínicos não são sempre indicativos de uma doença causada por arbovírus. MAYV causa doença febril, que pode ser confundida com dengue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Mice , Alphavirus Infections/virology , Alphavirus/genetics , Alphavirus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Alphavirus Infections/diagnosis , Brazil , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral
4.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 47(5): 281-5, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16302112

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) from a febrile human case suspected to be dengue, in São Pedro, São Paulo State. A MAC-ELISA done on the patient's acute and convalescent sera was inconclusive and hemagglutination inhibition test detected IgG antibody for flaviviruses. An indirect immunofluorescent assay done on the C6/36 cell culture inoculated with the acute serum was positive for flaviviruses but negative when tested with dengue monoclonal antibodies. RNA extracted from the infected cell culture supernatant was amplified by RT-PCR in the presence of NS5 universal flavivirus primers and directly sequenced. Results of BLAST search indicated that this sequence shares 93% nucleotide similarity with the sequence of SLEV (strain-MSI.7), confirmed by RT-PCR performed with SLEV specific primers. Since SLEV was identified as the cause of human disease, it is necessary to improve surveillance in order to achieve early detection of this agent in the state of São Paulo and in Brazil. This finding is also an alert to health professionals about the need for more complete clinical and epidemiological investigations of febrile illnesses as in the reported case. SLEV infections can be unrecognized or confused with other ones caused by an arbovirus, such as dengue.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/isolation & purification , Encephalitis, St. Louis/diagnosis , Brazil , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/genetics , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 47(5): 281-285, Sept.-Oct. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417087

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo relata o isolamento do vírus da encefalite São Luis (SLEV) de um caso febril humano suspeito de dengue, em São Pedro, Estado de São Paulo. MAC-ELISA realizado com soros das fases aguda e convalescente foi inconclusivo e anticorpos IgG foram detectados por inibição da hemaglutinação para flavivirus. Imunofluorescência indireta com cultura de células C6/36 inoculadas com soro da fase aguda foi positivo para flavivirus mas negativo quando testado com anticorpos monoclonais para dengue. O RNA extraído de cultura de células infectadas foi amplificado na presença de primers universais para o gênero Flavivirus, deduzidos de uma região da proteína não estrutural 5 e diretamente sequenciado. Os resultados da pesquisa no BLAST indicaram que a seqüência apresenta 93% de similaridade de nucleotídeos com a seqüência de SLEV (cepa MS1.7), confirmado por RT-PCR, realizado com primers específicos para SLEV. O fato de SLEV ter sido identificado como a causa de doença humana indica a necessidade de aprimorar a vigilância a fim de detectar precocemente esse agente no Estado de São Paulo e no Brasil. Esse caso é também um alerta para os profissionais de saúde sobre a necessidade de investigações clínicas e epidemiológicas mais completas sobre doenças febris como no caso relatado. Infecções por SLEV podem não ser reconhecidas ou confundidas com outras causadas por arbovírus como a dengue.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/isolation & purification , Encephalitis, St. Louis/diagnosis , Brazil , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/genetics , Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis
6.
Mem. Inst. Butantan ; 51(4): 169-76, 1989. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-93998

ABSTRACT

Foram analisados, estatisticamente, os resultados obtidosde estudo de 18 passagens seriadas do tumor humano KB transplantado em ratos nude atímicos. Foram abordados os aspectos de crescimento ou regressäo da massa tu-moral, bem como a caquexia por vezes detectada no receptor


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Humans , Biology , Rats, Nude , Neoplasms
7.
Acta oncol. bras ; 8(2): 90-94, maio-ago. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-67862

ABSTRACT

O efeito antitumoral do BCG já foi atribuído àtivaçäo de células T, macrófagos, células NK, resposta do SRE e respostas inespecíficas. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado um modelo experimental (rato nude atímico), cogenitamente desprovido de células T e em faixa etária que ainda näo tenha tido maturaçäo de células NK. O tumor inoculado e desenvolvido nesses ratos foi o KB (carcinoma epidermóide de boca, humano) em suas passagens 6 a 14; o modificador de resposta biológica (MRB) foi o onco BCG (cepa Moreau-Säo Paulo), produzido pelo Instituto Butantä. Os resultados demonstraram que, quando o BCG era administrado oito dias antes da inoculaçäo do tumor, desenvolvia uma proteçäo, que se traduzia pela diminuiçäo da percentagem de pega tumoral e da incidência de metástases, bem como pelo aumento da sobrevida dos animais portadores de tumor. Ao que tudo indica, tais efeitos säo independentes da presença de células T e NK


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Rats, Nude , Brazil , Immunotherapy , Mycobacterium bovis , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
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