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Cell Host Microbe ; 28(4): 614-627.e6, 2020 10 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32721380

ABSTRACT

Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 European swine holdings and more than 18,000 individual samples identified a year-round presence of up to four major swIAV lineages on more than 50% of farms surveilled. Phylogenetic analyses show that intensive reassortment with human pandemic A(H1N1)/2009 (H1pdm) virus produced an expanding and novel repertoire of at least 31 distinct swIAV genotypes and 12 distinct hemagglutinin/neuraminidase combinations with largely unknown consequences for virulence and host tropism. Several viral isolates were resistant to the human antiviral MxA protein, a prerequisite for zoonotic transmission and stable introduction into human populations. A pronounced antigenic variation was noted in swIAV, and several H1pdm lineages antigenically distinct from current seasonal human H1pdm co-circulate in swine. Thus, European swine populations represent reservoirs for emerging IAV strains with zoonotic and, possibly, pre-pandemic potential.


Subject(s)
Influenza A virus/classification , Influenza A virus/genetics , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Aerosols , Animals , Antigenic Variation , Europe/epidemiology , Ferrets , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Humans , Incidence , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/virology , Neuraminidase , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission , Phylogeny , Sus scrofa , Swine , Tropism , Viral Proteins , Viral Zoonoses , Virulence
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