ABSTRACT
Evaluating challenges to vaccine uptake in non-US-born individuals is necessary for increasing national vaccination rates. This rapid review was conducted to investigate predictors of vaccine utilization among US migrants. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was utilized, along with the Rayyan webtool, to facilitate the process of identifying primary research articles. Data were independently extracted by using a piloted, customized form. This was tabulated and the results were reported. Of the 186 abstracts reviewed, nine articles were included. Populations included in this review were refugees (n = 1), undocumented migrants (n = 1), migrants crossing the US-Mexico border (n = 2), Blacks (n = 1), and US-born vs. non-US-born adults (n = 1). Three studies focused on "foreign-born" children. The vaccines included in the literature reviewed were both combined series and individual, with one study addressing immunization instead of specific vaccines. Detailed characteristics of these studies and their quality evaluations were also reported. This review identified gaps in research regarding immunization among different migrant groups. Multilevel interventions should be considered to leverage the existing facilitators and address the known modifiable barriers to creating an accessible and supportive environment for marginalized populations.
ABSTRACT
The freeze-dried sprouts' juice of Raphanus sativus (L.) cv. Sango was prepared and analysed for the first time. HPLC analysis of total isothiocyanates, after protein displacement, resulted in 77.8 ± 3.0 µmol/g of dry juice while GC-MS analysis of hexane and acetone extracts showed E- and Z-raphasatin (8.9 and 0.11 µmol/g, respectively) and sulforaphene (11.7 µmol/g), summing up to 20.7 ± 1.7 µmol/g of free isothiocyanates. Sprouts' juice contained an unprecedented wealth of anthocyanins and a new fractionation methodology allowed us to isolate 34 mg/g of acylated anthocyanins (28.3 ± 1.9 µmol/g), belonging selectively to the cyanidin family. Analysis was performed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS(n) and extended to deacylated anthocyanins and aglycones, obtained, respectively, by alkaline and acid hydrolysis. This study identified 70 anthocyanins, 19 of which have never been described before and 32 of which are reported here in R. sativus for the first time. Sango radish sprouts are exceptional dietary sources of heath-promoting micronutrients.
