Endothelin Level in Menopausal Women with Comorbidity of the Acute Phase Middle Severity COVID-19 with Arterial Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The levels of endothelins were assessed in menopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19. Women under observation (age 45-69 years) were divided into two groups. Control group consisted of women (n=16) who did not have COVID-19, were not vaccinated, and had no antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG). The main group included women (n=63) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19 accompanied by pneumonia. According to the clinical and anamnestic data analysis, the main group was divided into subgroups: without AH and T2DM (n=21); with AH and without T2DM (n=32); and with AH and T2DM (n=10). The parameters of clinical blood analysis, as well as endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 levels were assessed. In women with a moderate COVID-19, the endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 levels were increased compared to the control regardless of AH and T2DM status. We found no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters of endothelial dysfunction between the subgroups of menopausal women in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19.

[Neuroendocrine changes among 45-60 years old women with COVID-19 and 12 months after the disease.]

Climacteric women have the post-COVID period clinical features, which can lead to an acceleration of the aging. The study consists in assessing individual parameters of the neuroendocrine system in climacteric women with a moderate course of COVID-19 and 12 months after the disease. Under observation were women aged 45-69 years, who were divided into groups: women who did not have COVID-19, not vaccinated, with no antibodies to COVID-19 (IgG) - control group (n=16); women in the acute phase of COVID-19 with a moderate course, accompanied by pneumonia - main group (n=63); patients from the main group who agreed to be examined 12 months after COVID-19 (n=15). The prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, cortisol, testosterone, 17-OH-progesterone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were assessed. In women with COVID-19 compared with the control the prolactin level was increased (p=0,0002) and the estradiol (р=0,032), testosterone (p=0,004), cortisol (p=0,009), 17-OH-progesterone (p=0,025) and DHEA-S (p=0,003) levels were reduced. Intragroup comparison of hormones showed a decrease in the prolactin level (р=0,041) and increase in the 17-OH-progesterone (р=0,011) and DHEA-S (р=0,0006) levels 12 months after the disease. With a personalized consideration of this group a decrease in the prolactin level is observed in 73,3% of these patients. In the same period, there was an increase in testosterone levels in 46,7% of women, cortisol - in 73,3% of women, 17-OH-progesterone - in 80% of women, DHEA-S - in 100% of cases. When comparing these hormonal parameters between the group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 12 months ago and the control, no statistically significant differences were found, however, patients were identified in whom prolactin and cortisol exceeded the reference values, although in the acute phase of COVID-19 the values of these indicators corresponded to the reference values.

Length of Leukocyte Telomeres in Newborns of HIV-Infected Mothers.

We studied the relative length of telomeres in newborns with unrealized perinatal transmission of HIV (zero viral load according to PCR results). A cross-sectional survey of 62 newborns of HIV-infected mothers (Apgar score 8); the control group consisted of 80 healthy newborns (Apgar score 8). DNA extracted from whole venous blood samples was analyzed. In newborns of HIV-infected mothers, the relative length of telomeres was significantly lower (0.69 (0.66; 0.72)) than in newborns of the control group (1.1 (0.97; 1.22)) (p<0.001). No significant differences in the relative length of telomeres were found between newborns of mothers with a viral load at the time of delivery and with undetectable viral load: 0.69 (0.66; 0.73) and 0.69 (0.63; 0.72). These findings indicate that HIV-infection in mothers or exposure to antiretroviral therapy has an impact on the relative telomere length in leukocytes of newborns.

Features of the Free Radical Oxidation Process and Antioxidant System in Newborns Born to HIV-Infected of Mothers Who Received Antiretroviral Therapies to Prevent HIV Transmission.

The LPO processes and the state of the antioxidant system in perinatally HIV-exposed newborns were studied. Perinatally HIV-exposed (n=62) and healthy newborns (n=80; control) were examined retrospectively (Apgar score 8 in both groups). Blood plasma and erythrocyte hemolysate were used as the material for biochemical tests. Using spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and statistical methods, we found enhanced LPO processes insufficiently compensated by the antioxidant system with excessive accumulation of damaging metabolites in the blood of perinatally HIV-exposed newborns. These changes can be a consequence of oxidative stress during the perinatal period.

Pro-and Antioxidant Status in Newborn with COVID-19.

There is practically no information on the state of oxidative stress reactions in newborns with coronavirus infections. At the same time, such studies are extremely important and can contribute to better understanding of the process of reactivity in patients of different ages. The content of pro- and antioxidant status indicators was assessed in 44 newborns with confirmed COVID-19. It was found that the content of compounds with unsaturated double bonds, primary, secondary, and final LPO products were elevated in newborns with COVID-19. These changes were accompanied by higher SOD activity and retinol level and reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase. Contrary to popular opinion, newborns can be a COVID-19-susceptible age group and require more close monitoring of metabolic reactions during the period of neonatal adaptation that is an aggravating background during infection.

Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Male and Female Patients of Different Age with Moderate COVID-19.

The study involved 271 patients (132 men and 139 women) with moderate COVID-19. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes was measured spectrophotometrically. In total group of patients (divided into age groups of 18-35, 36-45, 46-60, and 61-90 years), higher SOD activity was found in the 18-35 age group in comparison with the groups 46-60 years (p<0.01) and 61-90 years (p<0.05). Then, the groups were additionally divided by sex. In men, no differences in enzyme activity were found between the age groups. In women of early reproductive age, SOD activity was higher than in groups 36-45, 46-60, and 61-90 years. The sex differences consisted in higher SOD activity in women aged 18-35 years in comparison with men of this age. These data should be taken into account when choosing the tactics of therapy for patients with moderate COVID-19 course.

[Using meglumine acridonacetate for the treatment of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus in children].

The study was aimed at an analysis of the influence of meglumine acridonacetate--the inductor of endogenous interferon synthesis--on the clinical course of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus in children. A group of 100 patients aged from 3 months to 14 years were involved on retrospective comparative randomized study. The obtained data showed the advantages of meglumine acridonacetate administration during early terms of treatment of the gastroenteritis caused by rotaviruses. This treatment leads to fast regression of the main clinical symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and intoxications, which results in reduction of the clinical course duration.

[Manifestations of immune deficiency in children with perinatal HIV infection in the treatment dynamics].

Clinical and immunological parameters in the children with perinatal HIV infection were investigated in the dynamics of the long-term prospective observation. It was revealed, that all the HIV infected children had clinical signs of immunodeficiency and laboratory signs of combined damage of the immune system. The complex of therapeutic measures, including antiretroviral therapy, prevention of opportunistic and acute respiratory infections, rational immunotherapy to stimulate production of endogenous interferon and normalization of the balance of cytokines significantly reduced the frequency of the clinical manifestations of the infectious syndrome and improved the patients resistance to infections.

[Experience of cytoflavin administration for treating acute carbon monoxide poisoning].

Results of an analysis of the efficiency of using cytoflavin, a drug possessing cytoprotective and antihypoxemic properties, in a group of 215 patients with a diagnosis of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in 2004-2010 are compared to analogous data for 215 patients with same diagnosis treated in 1999-2004 without cytoflavin administration. It is established that timely application of cytoflavin (against the standard treatment of CO poisoning) favored lower expressiveness of post-hypoxemic encephalopathythatis characteristic of the given pathology.

[Quantitative assessment of pain tolerance].

Pain tolerance was assessed in 44 volunteers by the analysis of their reports during blood collection using a 12-point verbal rating scale. Thereafter, pain intensity in response to 5 successive pricks was measured with a mechanical algesimeter, and the participants of the study were asked to evaluate pain sensation based on a 0-100 score visual-analogous scale. The test was discontinued as soon as a patient reported painful feeling in excess of 50 scores. Twenty nine patients passed all the five tests while 11, 2, and 2 were able to tolerate 4, 3, and 2 challenges respectively. It was shown that the results of self-evaluation of painful sensation based on the verbal rating scale correlated with the number of tolerated test challenges. There was no significant correlation between the described signs. It is concluded that the methods for the assessment of pain tolerance described in this paper make it possible to predict the behaviour of a group as a whole but not of individual subjects.