[The x-ray functional characteristics of chronic bronchitis]. / Rentgenofunktsional'nye osobennosti khronicheskogo bronkhita.

A significant correlation has been established at comparison of fluorographic findings with respiratory mechanics in bronchitis chronic between the diaphragm height, its curvature in the lateral view and FEV for the 1st second. Less apparent correlation exists between residual lung capacity and the diaphragm height, forced expiration volume and the width of the pulmonary artery right branch. Tracheobronchial dyskinesia was diagnosed in 62.2% of bronchitis patients. Chronic nonobstructive bronchitis is characterized by a short-term (> 1 s) prolapse of the tracheal posterior wall and primary bronchi which lasts longer (1-3 s) in chronic obstructive bronchitis.

[Experience in training subinterns in theory and practice of prevention]. / Opyt obucheniia subordinatorov teorii i praktike profilaktiki.

2380 workers have been screened and provided with findings of their health status and recommendations with regard to identified risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and for CNCD themselves. The study of the influence of the training cycle on the attitude of students-subinterns toward preventive part of physician activity indicated the increase in the level of knowledge on prevention issues of CNCD and recognition of the necessity to include preventive measures into the activity of district physician. The experience gained in joint activities of the All-Union Research Centre for Industrial Medicine, The USSR Ministry of Health, and the Chair of out-patient medicine of the Kalinin Medical Institute suggests the need for improving the existing system of students training.

[Importance of electroroentengography and fluorography in the detection of bronchiectatic disease]. / Znachenie élektrorentgenografii i fliuorografii v vyiavlenii bronkhoéktaticheskoi bolezni.

During mass screening of population 54 patients were detected with suspected bronchiectatic disease. Photoroentgenography and electroroentgenography were performed in all of them, in 36 of them simultaneously with subsequent bronchography. On electroroentgenograms cellular deformity in the decreased lung, the presence of cellular and linear lucidity of bronchiectasia against a background of a gas-bubble of the stomach were referred to as signs of bronchiectatic disease. Signs of inflammatory exacerbation and symptoms of lung emphysema were revealed on photoroentgenograms as an addition to electroroentgenographic findings. Combined electrophotoroentgenography with subsequent bronchographic verification of the spread of changes is recommended in suspected bronchiectatic disease.

[Comparative bronchoscopic characteristics of protracted and chronic bronchitis]. / Sravnitel'naia bronkhoskopicheskaia kharakteristika zatianuvshegosia i khronicheskogo bronkhita.

Comparative bronchoscopic characterization of lingering and chronic bronchitis was studied. The results of a bronchoscopic study and qualitative-quantitative evaluation of the data obtained showed that in most cases lingering bronchitis was characterized endoscopically by distinct inflammatory bronchial changes which in their spreading and intensity did not differ from those in chronic bronchitis. A conclusion is that an increase in a degree of hypersecretion, a mucopurulent and purulent type of the bronchial contents can serve as an endoscopic sign to differentiate between lingering and chronic bronchitis. The bronchoscopic results indicate that lingering bronchitis is a late symptom of a pathological process in the bronchial system. Therefore new clinical criteria are required for the detection of earlier stages of pathology of the respiratory tracts.

[Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes of healthy persons and chronic bronchitis patients]. / Fenotipy al'fa 1-antitripsina u zdorovykh i bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

The paper is concerned with phenotyping of alpha 1-antitrypsin using a method of isoelectric focusing in the polyacrylamide gel with ampholine (pH-4-6) in 1000 healthy persons and 583 patients with chronic bronchitis. Phenotype M was registered in 96 and 95.71% of the cases, respectively. The occurrence of heterozygous phenotypes was practically similar among the healthy persons as well as among the patients (4.0 and 4.29%, respectively). It was concluded that the heterozygous carrying of an alpha 1-antitrypsin deficit gene was of no particular importance in the development of chronic bronchitis.

[Assessment of the immune status of chronic bronchitis patients in the remission phase during prophylactic treatment with levamisole and staphylococcal vaccine]. / Otsenka immunnogo statusa u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom v faze remissii v protsesse profilakticheskogo lecheniia levamizolom i stafilokokkovoi vaktsinoi.

The work presents the results of the study of the immune status in 18 patients with chronic bronchitis at the stage of remission, subjected to prolonged prophylactic treatment with the inhalations of levamisole solution, and in 16 patients receiving the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. These results indicate that the inhalations of levamisole have proved to be more effective than the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. In patients treated with levamisole an essential decrease in the ratio of theophylline-resistant to theophylline-sensitive E-rosette-forming lymphocytes has been noted. The determination of the sensitivity of lymphocytes and neutrophils to incubation with levamisole by means of the rosette-formation test makes it possible to prognosticate, taking into account the initial level of spontaneous E-rosette formation of these cells, the effectiveness of the prophylactic treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. The determination of the sensitivity of the cells to incubation with staphylococcal toxoid is ineffective for the prognostication of the result of the treatment of such patients with staphylococcal vaccine.

[Interrelation of the immunological parameters of healthy donors and of persons frequently ill with acute respiratory diseases and bronchitis in the remission stage (a new approach to assessing immune status)]. / Vzaimosviaz' immunologicheskikh parametrov zdorovykh donorov i liudei, chasto boleiushchikh ostrymi respiratornymi zabolevaniiami i bronkhitami, v stadii remissii (novyi podkhod k otsenke immunogo statusa).

The state of the immune system in healthy donors and in chronic bronchitis patients, frequently suffering from acute respiratory diseases, at the period of remission has been studied by the methods of rosette-formation and phagocytosis. The authors propose a new approach to the evaluation of the immune system by regarding each of these groups as a dynamic set of discrete values. As a result, the parameters of the immune system have proved to be interrelated. These interrelations, in contrast to the variability of the numerical values of different parameters, remain constant in health persons and are seemingly the basis of the stability of their internal medium, or at any rate of their immune system. At the same time under the conditions of the remission of chronic bronchitis the interrelation of the above-mentioned parameters has altered in comparison with the normal state, which makes it possible to characterize the immune status of these patients as the state of imbalance of the immune system.