ABSTRACT
The recent Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks Final Opinion on "The need for nonhuman primates in biomedical research, production and testing of products and devices" (2017 SCHEER) highlights approaches that could significantly contribute to the replacement, reduction, and refinement of nonhuman primate (NHP) studies. Initiatives that have the potential to affect NHP welfare and/or their use are expected to be appropriate, fair, and objective and publicly disseminated information focused on NHPs in biomedical research, which includes toxicologic and pathologic research and testing, should be objectively evaluated by stakeholder scientists, researchers, and veterinarians. Thus, IQ Consortium member companies convened to develop an informed and objective response, focusing on identifying areas of agreement, potential gaps, or missing information in 2017 SCHEER. Overall, the authors agree that many positions in the 2017 SCHEER Opinion generally align with industry views on the use of NHPs in research and testing, including the ongoing need of NHPs in many areas of research. From the perspective of the IQ Consortium, there are several topics in the 2017 SCHEER that merit additional comment, attention, or research, as well as consideration in future opinions.
Subject(s)
Animal Use Alternatives/trends , Biomedical Research/methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/trends , Primates , Animal Use Alternatives/ethics , Animal Use Alternatives/legislation & jurisprudence , Animal Welfare , Animals , Bioethics , Biomedical Research/ethics , Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/ethics , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , European Union , Government RegulationABSTRACT
Highly detailed dental radiographs aid in obtaining an accurate diagnosis of common dental abnormalities. This paper compares three oblique angle intraoral occlusal views for the evaluation of the teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arcade of cynomolgus monkeys. The best views for isolating tooth structures of the canine, premolar, and molar teeth of the mandibular and maxillary arcades were obtained by directing the primary beam 608 relative to the hard palate in the transverse plane. The dorsoventral view allowed superior visualization of the maxillary incisor teeth, whereas the ventrodorsal view was best for evaluating the mandibular incisor teeth. Survey radiographs obtained by using these views, coupled with thorough dental examination, would aid the accurate diagnosis of dental abnormalities in cynomolgus monkeys.
