Biotic potential, fertility and life table of Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under controlled conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the biotic potential, life table parameters and fertility of Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photo phase). The longevity, pre, post and oviposition periods, fecundity and fertility of 13 couples were evaluated. The longevity of females (13.500 days) was significantly higher than those of males (11.154 days). The mean durations of the pre, post and oviposition periods were 2.615, 1.769 and 9.385 days, respectively. The mean fecundity was 1.417.69 eggs and mean fertility was 1.340.401 larvae, per female. On average, females copulated 1, 231 times. A strong positive correlation was observed between the number of copulations and fecundity (r = 0.847, p <0.001), as well as a strong negative correlation between the number of copulations and the duration of the pre-oviposition period (r = -0.762, p = 0.002), and longevity (r = -0.788, p = 0.001). The biotic potential of S. albula was estimated at 8.768 x 1022 individuals / female / year. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 353,904 times per generation and the mean generation time (T) was 37.187 days. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 1,105, with a finite rate of increase (λ) of 3,019.

Immature stages of Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): developmental parameters and host plants.

This study aimed to detail the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of Spodoptera albula (Walker 1857) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase) and to gather information about their larval host plants. For this purpose, a new rearing method and artificial diet was employed and validated. The viability of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 94.54, 97.33, 93.84 and 92.34%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 4.14, 16.37, 1.69, and 9.34 days, respectively. During the larval stage, 80.85% of females and 93.99% of males passed through six and remaining through seven instars, with significant larval protandry. The larvae that developed through six and seven instars exhibited a mean growth rate of 1.58 and 1.48, respectively. Fifty five host plant species belonging to 29 families are listed. The female pupae were significantly larger, exhibiting protogyny. Both the rearing methods as well as the larval diet proved adequate, providing more detailled observations of the biological cycle, especially the larval stage, and resulting in an overall survival of almost 80%.

Subjective versus objective stress in noncritically ill hospitalized and outpatient adult men.

UNLABELLED: A cross-sectional study of 120 subjects was performed with the purpose of evaluating stress hormones and emotional stress (anxiety) in outpatient and hospitalized subjects. The aims were to determine the degree of objective stress, as well as to correlate this finding with subjective findings, estimated using Beck's Anxiety Inventory. METHOD: Three populations were investigated, namely outpatient clinical cases (Group I, n = 30), hospitalized clinical individuals (Group II, n = 30), and hospitalized surgical candidates (Group III, n = 30). Controls (Group IV, n = 30) were healthy volunteers who were health-care professionals and students. To avoid hormone interactions, only men were enrolled in all groups. All hospitalized subjects were tested on admission and before therapeutic interventions. Fasting epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were measured in the morning, and Beck's Anxiety Inventory was adminstered by a trained psychologist. RESULTS: The 3 patient groups displayed higher anxiety levels than the controls. Hormone concentrations did not present remarkable changes and did not correlate with subjective stress (anxiety). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Subjective disorders (as determined with Beck's Anxiety Inventory ) were a common finding in both outpatient and hospitalized populations, without differences between the various groups; 2) Objective stress (as determined by elevated hormone levels) was more difficult to confirm--findings rarely exceeded the reference range; 3) Correlation between the two variables could not be demonstrated; 4) Further studies are necessary to define stress quantification and interpretation in patient populations, especially in relationship with nutritional diagnosis and dietetic prescription.

Subjective versus objective stress in noncritically ill hospitalized and outpatient adult men

Um estudo transversal de 120 indivíduos foi executado visando avaliar hormônios do estresse e estresse subjetivo (ansiedade) em casos ambulatoriais e hospitalizados. O objetivo era determinar o grau de estresse objetivo, bem como correlacionar este achado com queixas subjetivas, estimadas pelo Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. MÉTODO: Três populações foram investigadas, nominalmente doentes clínicos ambulatoriais (Grupo I, n= 30), enfermos clínicos hospitalizados (Grupo II, n=30), e pacientes cirúrgicos hospitalizados (Grupo III, n= 30). Os controles (Grupo IV, n= 30) eram voluntários sadios recrutados entre profissionais da saúde e estudantes. Todos casos hospitalizados foram documentados na admissão, antes de quaisquer procedimentos terapêuticos, e somente homens foram selecionados em todos os grupos, a fim de contornar interações hormonais. A adrenalina, noradrenalina e cortisol foram mensurados pela manhã, e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck foi aplicado por uma psicóloga especializada. RESULTADOS: Os três grupos de doentes exibiram níveis de ansiedade superiores aos dos controles. As taxas hormonais não estavam apreciavelmente alteradas, e não se corelacionaram com os achados de estresse subjetivo (ansiedade). CONCLUSÕES: 1) Anormalidades subjetivas (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck ) foram comuns tanto em populações internadas quanto ambulatoriais, sem diferenças entre os grupos; 2) Estresse objetivo (hormonal) foi mais difícil de confirmar e os valores raramente ultrapassaram a faixa de referência; 3) Não se conseguiu demonstrar correlação entre as duas órdens de variáveis; 4) Estudos adicionais são necessários para definir a quantificação e a interpretação de estresse em populações enfermas, especialmente para fins de diagnóstico nutricional e prescrição dietética;