ABSTRACT
We investigated sources of sex-role strain between alcoholic and non-alcoholic women. We compared alcoholic (n = 55) and non-alcoholic (n = 51) women on the presence of strain in their sex-role identity and strain between sex-role identity, attitudes, and behaviors in 1996. One source of sex-role strain for alcoholic women was the discrepancy between their perceived femininity when intoxicated versus when sober. A second source of strain for alcoholic women was the discrepancy between their traditionally feminine sex-role identity as well as attitudes toward marital, parental, and educational roles and their participation in male-valued activities. We offer suggestions for future research.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/psychology , Gender Identity , Stress, Physiological/psychology , Adult , Attitude , Female , Humans , Social IdentificationABSTRACT
This study examined three outcomes of assertion training considered relevant for alcoholics: (a) assertive behavior in negative situations; (b) discomfort in negative situations that call for assertive behavior; and (c) expectations of assertive behavior in sober vs. intoxicated states. Subjects were 38 male alcoholics in an inpatient treatment program. Although some behavioral competencies were acquired after assertion training, such training did not differentially reduce discomfort in negative situations or the discrepancy between perceptions of assertiveness in sober vs. intoxicated states at posttest or at 6-week follow-up.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Assertiveness , Behavior Therapy/methods , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Alcoholism/psychology , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Personality InventoryABSTRACT
This study examined the contributions of demographic variables, antepartum depressive symptoms, and sources of stress to level of postpartum depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and demographic data sheet were administered to 69 women during the eighth month of pregnancy. One month after delivery, subjects completed the post-delivery questionnaire and BDI. A stratified hierarchical regression analysis revealed that marital status, antepartum depressive symptoms, and difficulty of pregnancy predicted level of postpartum depression. Somatic stressors of pregnancy may trigger depressive symptoms that persist after childbirth, particularly in unmarried mothers.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/psychology , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Puerperal Disorders/psychology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Personality Inventory , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Psychometrics , Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
40 subjects were randomly assigned to conditions of high pleasure, low pleasure, high anger, or low anger in a 2 x 2 (intensity x affect) design. Although subjects used highly intense cognitions more than less intense ones, pleasant cognitions produced higher tolerance for pressure pain. Modification of pain may be mediated by specific affect rather than intensity or consumption of attention.
Subject(s)
Affect , Attention , Cognition , Pain/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
144 undergraduate men viewed rock videos which contained content that was erotic-violent, erotic-nonviolent, nonerotic-violent, or nonerotic-nonviolent. Exposure to nonerotic-violent rock videos resulted in significantly higher Adversarial Sexual Beliefs scores and ratings of negative affect. These and other findings are discussed in terms of Bandura's concept of emotional incompatibility and the frustration-aggression model.
Subject(s)
Erotica , Music , Rape , Videotape Recording , Violence , Adult , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
To test whether congruence between cognitive style and cognitive coping would facilitate the attenuation of pressure pain, 30 verbalizers and 30 visualizers were assigned in equal numbers (ns = 10) to pleasant imagery, rational thoughts, and expectancy conditions. Separate 2 X 3 (cognitive style X experimental condition) analyses of covariance on pain tolerance and subjective discomfort indicated that imagery was superior to expectancy in raising tolerance. These findings are discussed in terms of the flexibility of cognitive coping and the content of the images and thoughts which were used.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Imagination , Pain Measurement , Set, Psychology , Adult , HumansSubject(s)
Anxiety/psychology , Death , Type A Personality , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Repression, PsychologyABSTRACT
Examined the relationship between sex-role orientation and the Type A behavior pattern. Eighty undergraduates were classified as high or low on masculinity and femininity on the basis of Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) formed on student Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) scores for pooled Ss, for males, and for females; each yielded a main effect for masculinity. JAS scores were correlated positively with BSRI Masculinity scores and not correlated with BSRI Femininity scores across pooled Ss, across males, and across females. These results are discussed in terms of their research and treatment implications.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/psychology , Gender Identity , Identification, Psychological , Type A Personality , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Tests , Psychometrics , RiskABSTRACT
Collected MMPI data for 38 Caucasian males who were hospitalized in a Veterans Administration alcoholism treatment program. On the basis of a Q-factor analysis, three prototypic profiles were derived, which adequately described 92% of the sample. These profiles were labeled: Type I (scales 1 and 2), Type II (F-K, Scales 4 and 9), and Type III (Scales K, 3 and 4). Type II was found to be correlated positively with scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale. No relationship was found between MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale scores and magnitude of psychological distress, as measured by mean T scores.
