ABSTRACT
The biological removal of antibiotic residue in the environment has earned great interest. This study presented the biodegradation of amoxicillin (AMX) using B. cereus C1 isolated from the catfish pond sludge in Vietnam. This AMX-degrading bacterial strain grew well in the range of temperatures between 25ΟC and 40ΟC under aerobic condition. In a culture medium containing nitrogen source of NH4Cl (1 g.L-1) alone, the bacterium showed a AMX degradation ability of 54%. The AMX degradation ability of this bacterial strain was the highest level of 94% in the culture medium with 1.5 g.L-1 of NH4Cl and 3 g.L-1 of glucose. B. cereus C1 exhibited a great antibiotic degradation capability on high AMX concentration of 250 µg.mL-1 of AMX with AMX removal efficiency of 84% in 16 h of cultivation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Recent developments in mobile technology have enabled the investigation of human movements and mobility under natural conditions, i.e., in the home environment. Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia is deleterious in Parkinson's disease (i.e., iron accumulation with lower striatal level of dopamine). The effect of iron chelation (i.e., re-deployment of iron) in Parkinson's disease patients is currently tested in a large investigator-initiated multicenter study. Conversely, restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with iron depletion and higher striatal level of dopamine. To determine from animal models which movement and mobility parameters might be associated with iron content modulation and the potential effect of therapeutic chelation inhuman. Methods: We recapitulated pathophysiological aspects of the association between iron, dopamine, and neuronal dysfunction and deterioration in the basal ganglia, and systematically searched PubMed to identify original articles reporting about quantitatively assessed mobility deficits in animal models of brain iron dyshomeostasis. Results: We found six original studies using murine and fly models fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Especially postural and trunk stability were altered in animal models with iron overload. Animal models with lowered basal ganglia iron suffered from alterations in physical activity, mobility, and sleep fragmentation. Conclusion: From preclinical investigations in the animal model, we can deduce that possibly also in humans with iron accumulation in the basal ganglia undergoing therapeutic chelation may primarily show changes in physical activity (such as daily "motor activity"), postural and trunk stability and sleep fragmentation. These changes can readily be monitored with currently available mobile technology.
