ABSTRACT
The majority of pediatric patients are cured of their primary cancer with current advanced developments in pediatric cancer therapy. However, survivors often experience long-term complications from therapies for primary cancer. The delayed mortality rate has been decreasing with the effort to reduce the therapeutic exposure of patients with pediatric cancers. Our study investigates the incidence of sarcoma as second cancer in pediatric cancer survivors. We present a 9-year-old male who survived embryonal hepatoblastoma diagnosed at 22 months of age. At 4.5 years of age, he presented with a non-metastatic primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the left submandibular area. He has no evidence of recurrence of either cancer for 51 months after finishing all chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify the current rate of second sarcomas in pediatric cancer survivors. Our literature review and large population analysis emphasize the impact of sarcoma as a second malignancy and provide help to physicians caring for pediatric cancer survivors.
Subject(s)
Cancer Survivors/psychology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology , Sarcoma/complications , Child , Hepatoblastoma , Humans , Incidence , Male , Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/psychology , Population Surveillance/methods , Risk Factors , Sarcoma/epidemiologyABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Hemangioblastoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). It is usually observed in patients with von-Hippel Lindau (VHL). The peak age for hemangioblastoma is between 20 and 50 years of age with very few cases over 65 or below 18 years of age. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a female with a rare VHL mutation (c.337C>T) who was diagnosed with multifocal CNS hemangioblastoma at a very young age. DIAGNOSIS: At 17-years of age, she presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to large cystic cerebellar mass. Imaging showed multiple lesions resembling drop metastases throughout her spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry of the resected tumor confirmed the pathological diagnosis of hemangioblastoma (World Health Organization Grade 1). INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOME: She was treated with multi-stage resection of her primary and drop- metastasis like disease. She presented six months later with retinal hemangioblastoma while her other lesions were stable. She presented with multiple CNS and eye hemangioblastomas after failing to follow up for 2 years. Subsequently, Everolimus was started to treat her systemic disease. LESSONS: The unique feature of our case is the presence of multiple drop-metastases like spinal lesions, which has not been reported in the literature to be associated with hemangioblastoma.
