ABSTRACT
Introduction: Telepharmacy is widely known as the delivery of pharmacy care offered by registered pharmacists and pharmacies using telecommunication technologies to patients at a distance. We conducted a systematic review of the reported usages, benefits, and limitations of telepharmacy models worldwide to further clarify the pros and cons of a telepharmacy model. Methods: A total of 39 relevant articles was included after searching for articles with a fixed term on four databases, including PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Global Health Library (GHL), and Google Scholar, as of April 2021. Results: Our review suggested that telepharmacy has played an essential role in addressing pharmacist shortages and helping patients both safely and effectively administer medications in underserved areas. During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote dispensing and counseling are effective measures to avoid infection. Conclusion: Telepharmacy could potentially replace or complement pharmaceutical-related activities, facilitating future innovation in the health care industry.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pharmaceutical Services , Telemedicine , Humans , PandemicsABSTRACT
Our objective is to analyze the economic burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Vietnam, particularly in District 2 Hospital at Ho Chi Minh City in 2019. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data source is the medical records of the patients. Encoding the data, analyzing treatment cost, regression modeling, and verification were performed using Stata 15 software. Patients with stage 3 CKD account for the highest proportion of the CKD patient population. CKD comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anemia, which increase the treatment fees of patients. Approximately half of the patients with CKD have diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Treatment costs increase as the condition of the patient worsens (except for stage 1 and 2 CKD). The total expenses of all CKD patients in District 2 Hospital were USD 916 423 988.60. Five main factors that affect the treatment fee of a patient: CKD stage, age, gender, and the presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anemia. The regression model correctly predicts 96% of cases and can explain 64.15% of the fluctuations in costs. The cost of CKD treatment was higher than Vietnam's per capita GDP in 2019, and the primary factors affecting costs are comorbidities and dialysis.
ABSTRACT
To assess training secondary pharmacists. Most of them are at the delta of Cuu Long River, concentrated at provinces, some provinces disposes to districts and precincts, but often replace pharmacist's work so quality isn't high. Majority of secondary medical schools lack pharmaceutical teachers but they still training secondary pharmacists. To enhance secondary pharmacists training quality, the secondary medical schools at the delta of Cuu Long River need: enhance foreign language, modify program's contents, standardize teachers, training should focus 3 to 4 major schools, contact with pharmacy of The University of Pharmacy, enhance practice for students who are training definitive school year
Subject(s)
Education , Evaluation StudyABSTRACT
This investigation was carried out for demonstrating the scientific level of the training and the distribution of pharmaceutical man power in the An Giang province. The purpose of this investigation: Describes the sources of pharmaceutical man power in this province and determinates the need of pharmaceutical fields degree; Studies the training and its effectiveness for utilization of these sources; Studies the necessary of the re-and advanced – training of the pharmacists who are working in this province; Evaluates the quality of the training from all pharmaceutical sources in the last years
