Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Female , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Humans , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are important in protection against measles. Non-response to vaccination has been associated with specific HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles; however, little is known about the relative importance of these alleles in the cellular immune response induced by measles virus vaccine. To investigate the role of HLA-DR/DQ class II restriction, a small pilot study was conducted. Lymphoproliferation assays using class II DR and DQ-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were performed at one week and two weeks post immunization with MMRII vaccine. The mean stimulation index (SI) was 4.4 and 5.3 at one and two weeks with reductions in SI of 47.6% and 70.2%, respectively, following the addition of DR-specific MoAb (p<0.001). These results clearly show that a significant proportion of the cell-mediated immune response to measles virus vaccine, as measured by SI, is HLA-DR restricted.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Measles Vaccine/immunology , Adult , Cell Proliferation , HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
Fungal prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is rare, with Candida species being the most frequently reported pathogen in the medical literature. The risk of relapse following delayed reimplantation arthroplasty for candidal PJI is unknown. We describe 4 new cases and summarize 6 previously reported cases of candidal PJI treated with delayed reimplantation arthroplasty. Ninety percent of the patients received antifungal therapy. Eight patients received amphotericin B either alone or in combination with other antifungals. One patient received fluconazole alone. The median duration of time from resection arthroplasty to reimplantation for total hip and total knee arthroplasties was 8.6 and 2.3 months, respectively. Eight patients did not have relapse of candidal PJI following delayed reimplantation arthroplasty after a median duration of follow-up of 50.7 months (range, 2--73 months). Candidal PJI can be successfully treated with delayed reimplantation arthroplasty after receipt appropriate antifungal therapy.
