ABSTRACT
Context: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD L1) is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in neoplastic cells. Therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors target PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-inducing tumour regression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 expression enables patient selection for immunotherapy and can be considered as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Aims: To determine the PDL1 expression in HNSCC, to correlate with clinicopathological features and outcome. Settings and Design: We retrospectively analysed 59 cases of HNSCC at our Tertiary Hospital between January 2017 and November 2018 and followed up until death/Nov 2022 for Overall survival. Methods and Material: IHC analysis of PD-L1 using Combined Positive Score (CPS) with antibody clone 22C3 in 59 cases of HNSCC was performed. PD-L1 expression was correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes. Statistical Analysis Used: Pearson Chi-square test was used to analyse the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological parameters using SPSS20.0. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analysed by log-rank test. Results: A total of 25 cases (42.4%) had positive PDL expression (CPS ≥1). 16/25 cases (27.1%) belonged to CPS (≥1, <10). An almost-perfect interobserver agreement was noted by two pathologists for PD-L1 IHC expression. No statistically significant correlation was noted between PD-L1 score and clinicopathologic features. Conclusions: Detection of PD-L1 status gives further insight into frequency of PD-L1 expression in Indian HNSCC patients to possibly improve clinical treatment strategies, ensuring that our patients get the maximum therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Papulosquamous diseases are characterized by scaly papules and plaques with similar clinical picture which amounts to confusion and hence, a definitive histopathological diagnosis goes a long way in treatment of such diseases. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the histomorphology of non-infectious, erythaematous, papulosquamous lesions of skin with clinicopathological correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin biopsies from 150 clinically diagnosed/suspected non-infectious erythaematous, papulosquamous skin diseases were received in the Department of Pathology. The specimens obtained were subjected to formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and studied. The lesions were classified as psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striatus, pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rubra pilaris and clinicopathological correlation was done. RESULTS: Papulosquamous lesions were common in the elderly. Males were commonly affected except in pityriasis rosea. Among the 150 cases studied, 72 cases (48%) were histopathologically confirmed to be papulosquamous lesions. Psoriasis was the most common lesion. CONCLUSION: Key histopathological features and clinicopathological correlation gives a conclusive diagnosis. The importance of specific histomorphological diagnosis lies in distinguishing these lesions as the treatment and prognosis varies widely.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Small cell anaplastic hepatoblastoma (HB) is the least common subtype of HB. There are few articles in the literature describing the cytologic characteristics of this rare subtype. CASE: A 5-year-old girl present with a progressively enlarging abdominal mass. Ultrasound examination revealed the mass to be arising within the right lobe of the liver. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass revealed primitive cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic, ovoid nuclei in poorly cohesive clusters as well as dispersed singly. These cells closely resembled those of small round cell tumors of childhood. CONCLUSION: The cytologic differential diagnosis of undifferentiated HB must include small round cell tumors of childhood. With knowledge of the typical cytomorphologic appearance of HB in association with clinical and radiologic information, one can offer a reliable preoperative diagnosis on FNA.
