ABSTRACT
We introduce a model to mimic the dynamics of oscillators that are coupled by mean-field nonlinear memductance. Notably, nonlinear memductance produces dynamic nonlinearity, which causes the direction of coupling to change over time. Depending on the parameters, such a dynamic coupling drives the trajectory of oscillators to a synchronization or anti-synchronization manifold. Specifically, depending on the forcing frequency and coupling strength, we find anti-phase and intermittent synchronization. With the increase in coupling magnitude, one can observe a transition from intermittent synchronization to complete synchronization through anti-phase synchronization. The results are validated through numerical simulations. The hypothesis has a huge impact on the study of neuronal networks.
Subject(s)
Neurons , Nonlinear Dynamics , Computer SimulationABSTRACT
This study assesses the level of terrestrial gamma radiation and associated dose rates from the naturally occurring radionuclides (232)Th, (238)U and (40)K in 10 soil samples collected from Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu, India) using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity profile of radionuclides has clearly showed the existence of low level activity in Thanjavur. The geometric mean activity concentrations of (232)Th, (238)U and (40)K is 42.9+/-9.4 Bq.kg(-1), 14.7+/-1.7 Bq.kg(-1) and 149.5+/-3.1 Bq.kg(-1) respectively are derived from all the soil samples studied. The activity concentration of (232)Th, (238)U and (40)K in soil is due to the presence of metamorphic rocks like shale, hornblende-biotite gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss in these areas. Gamma absorbed dose rates in air outdoors were calculated to be in the range between 32 nGy.h(-1) and 59.1 nGy.h(-1) with an arithmetic mean of 43.3 +/-9 nGy.h(-1). This value is lesser than the population weighted world-averaged of 60 nGy.h(-1). Inhabitants of Thanjavur are subjected to external gamma radiation exposure (effective dose) ranging between 39.2 and 72.6 muSv.y(-1) with an arithmetic mean of 53.1+/-11 muSv.y(-1). The values of the external hazard index determined from the soil radioactivity of the study area are less than the recommended safe levels.
ABSTRACT
Single crystals of L-arginine maleate dihydrate (LAMD) were successfully grown from aqueous solution by solvent evaporation technique. As-grown crystals were analyzed by different instrumentation techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and UV-vis near infrared (NIR) transmittance spectra. Thermal behavior has been studied with TGA/DTA analyses. The optical second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of LAMD was determined using Kurtz powder technique and found to be 1.5 times that of KDP.
Subject(s)
Arginine/chemistry , Maleates/chemistry , Crystallization , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods , X-Ray Diffraction/methodsABSTRACT
Flagellar motion has been an active area of study right from the discovery of bacterial chemotaxis in 1882. During chemotaxis, E. coli moves with the help of helical flagella in an aquatic environment. Helical flagella are rotated in clockwise or counterclockwise direction using reversible flagellar motors situated at the base of each flagellum. The swimming of E. coli is characterized by a low Reynolds number that is unique and time reversible. The random motion of E. coli is influenced by the viscosity of the fluid and the Brownian motion of molecules of fluid, chemoattractants, and chemorepellants. This paper reviews the literature about the physics involved in the propulsion mechanism of E. coli. Starting from the resistive-force theory, various theories on flagellar hydrodynamics are critically reviewed. Expressions for drag force, elastic force and velocity of flagellar elements are derived. By taking the elastic nature of flagella into account, linear and nonlinear equations of motions are derived and their solutions are presented.
