Biometric analysis of furcation area of molar teeth and its relationship with instrumentation.

The anatomy of furcation favours the bacterial retention and makes periodontal debridement as well as oral hygiene procedures difficult. Teeth that have lost attachment to a level of the furcation are said to have a furcal invasion or furcation involved.Involvement of furcation in a multi-rooted tooth poses a very different type of clinical situation in terms of establishment of diagnosis, determination of prognosis and of course planning the treatment modality.The present study was carried out on 200 selected extracted human first and second permanent molar teeth based on a predefined criteria. Teeth with prosthetic crowns, fused or fractured roots, those not fully developed, grossly carious or heavily restored at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) were excluded from the study. The morphology of the root trunk was recorded by measuring various dimensions of the root trunk,including furcal angle and root trunk volume was calculated by using a custom made special apparatus. The furcation areas were debrided with different types of curettes in the market in order to see how best the instrument could be maneuvered in the furcation area. The data so obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS version 22. The highest root trunk volume and the longest root trunk length were found to be in the maxillary second molar. 48.60% furcations didn't allow instrument engagementof furcation area with standard area specific curettes. The proposal of inclusion of root trunk length (mm) is suggested in addition to classification of FI to have assess prognosis and appropriate treatment for of the involved tooth.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Rare Case of Tubercular Gingival Enlargement.

Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive variant of the chronic inflammatory response. The orofacial tissues may be affected by a wide range of granulomatous diseases. The lesions range from infections, immunological, and reactive, to foreign body granulomas. As is common knowledge, tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that can affect any region of the body, including the mouth. It may involve the tongue in the mouth and have quite peculiar features and forms. Therefore, while uncommon, oral lesions are crucial for the early detection and treatment of primary TB. We discuss a possible instance of gingival TB that manifested as an enlarged gingiva. The patient received a test dose of antituberculous therapy for one month. The antituberculous therapy was completed for the following five months after one month of treatment showed progress. This case report for dentists emphasizes how crucial it is to consider TB in the differential diagnosis of various types of gingival enlargements.

Esthetic Management of Multiple Gingival Recession - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

The importance of esthetics is increasing for the patients as well as for the dentist. With a high incidence that rises with age and a complicated soft-tissue pathology caused by a wide variety of factors, gingival recessions are a common but troublesome dental problem. They are characterized by the exposure of the root surface of the teeth due to the apical migration of the gingival border beyond the cemento-enamel junction, and they cause both functional and cosmetic disruptions. Many different surgical approaches have been offered over the years to address gingival recession, all with the goal of providing enough root coverage and achieving aesthetically pleasing results. No matter the amount of defects, Zucchelli's method is beneficial in terms of root coverage and keratinized tissue gain when treating many neighboring recessions. In this case study, Zucchelli's coronally advanced flap is used to treat numerous neighboring gingival recessions.

Esthetic Rehabilitation of Severely Mutilated Anterior Primary Teeth Using Fiber Post - Case Reports.

Premature loss of primary teeth due to early childhood caries could be treated with different options. Presented cases discuss the clinical sequence of rehabilitation of maxillary anterior primary teeth. Endodontic treatment was followed by composite resin restoration reinforced with fiberglass post. Two case reports present a treatment option for severely mutilated primary maxillary incisors due to early childhood caries.

Oral Pyogenic Granuloma at Different Spots: A Series of Case Reports.

Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory non-neoplastic lesion of the oral cavity. Chronic, mild, local irritation, trauma, hormonal variables, and certain medications are typical causes of pyogenic granulomas. Women have a higher prevalence than men. The risk is greatest in the second to fifth decades of life. Clinically, the lesion appears smooth, with soft to firm consistency and nontender with a pedunculated or sessile base. Various modalities have been proposed for the treatment of lesion, which include the conventional approach, the use of laser, cryotherapy, and electrocauterization. This case series discusses three cases of pyogenic granuloma in female patients at different locations in the oral cavity. The lesion was subsequently treated with electrosurgery and surgical convention methods. No recurrence of the lesion has been seen in either of the cases.

Efficacy of Topical Vitamin C Application on Healing After Gingival Depigmentation by Scalpel: A Case Series.

Every person expresses their blissful moments through a smile. The elegance of the smile depends majorly on the colour of the gingiva. One of the factors that determines the colour of the gingiva is the amount of melanin pigment in the gingival epithelium. The intensity of melanin pigmentation differs from one person to another, and it is prevalent among all ethnicities. Most people are aesthetically concerned and widely prefer pink gingiva, leading to a demand for gingival depigmentation. There are various suggested treatment modalities for gingival depigmentation, like scalpel, electrosurgery, LASER, cryosurgery, etc. However, the recurrence of pigmentation is common in the depigmentation procedure. The current study attempts to determine the post-operative healing of gingival tissues following split-thickness epithelial excision with and without topical application of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Management of Chronic Inflammatory Gingival Enlargement: A Short Review and Case Report.

Inflammatory gingival enlargement, sometimes referred to as gingival hyperplasia or gingival hypertrophy, is an abnormal proliferation of gingival tissues caused by underlying inflammation. It might also be related to long-term periodontitis. Herein, we discuss the case of a young, otherwise healthy male patient wherein the anterior regions of both the upper and lower arches were affected by long-standing gingival growth. The overgrowth was removed, and an excellent aesthetic outcome was achieved, using a surgical procedure termed gingivectomy. After a 15-day follow-up period, the healing process was satisfactory and no negative effects were found.

Diagnosis and Management of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and a Brief Review of Literature.

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) manifests as an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. This genetic alteration results in palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, rapid onset of periodontitis, and premature shedding of both primary and permanent teeth. The major etiological factor responsible for the development of this disorder appears to be variations in the CTSC gene, which is responsible for the production of the cathepsin C enzyme in the body. The multifactorial aetiology of the syndrome is influenced by immunologic, genetic, or microbial factors. This case report presents a clinical picture of a 21-year-old Indian male patient with oligodontia and mobile teeth accompanied by palmoplantar keratosis and a history of recurrent infection. The detailed family history of the patient revealed genetic relevance with PLS. This article will discuss in detail the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment modalities involved in the management of the case.

A comparative study of the effect of two dosages of submucosal injection of dexamethasone on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: a prospective randomized study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the relative efficacy of two different dosages of dexamethasone, i.e., 4 and 8 mg injected submucosally to reduce postoperative discomfort after mandibular third molar surgery. METHODOLOGY: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 45 patients requiring surgical removal of an impacted third molar. Selected patients were divided randomly into three groups of 15 patients each: group I patients received one regimen single dose of 4 mg dexamethasone submucosally, group II received one regimen single dose of 8 mg dexamethasone submucosally, and group III (control group), no dexamethasone was given but only received injection of normal saline submucosally after establishing local anesthesia. The postoperative sequelae were assessed on the second and seventh postoperative day. RESULT: As compared to group III, groups I and II showed statistically significant reduction in pain and swelling whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the test groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that corticosteroids are effective in curtailing the postoperative edema of lower third molar surgery but have negligible analgesic effect. As no statistically significant difference is found between both the regimes of dexamethasone, i.e., 4 and 8 mg so within the confines of our study, it may be concluded that 4 mg dexamethasone can be given safely to reduce the postoperative edema after the third molar surgery.