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1.
Phys Rev Lett ; 110(17): 176603, 2013 Apr 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23679753

ABSTRACT

Controlling the properties of materials by driving them out of equilibrium is an exciting prospect that has only recently begun to be explored. In this Letter we give a striking theoretical example of such materials design: a tunable gap in monolayer graphene is generated by exciting a particular optical phonon. We show that the system reaches a steady state whose transport properties are the same as if the system had a static electronic gap, controllable by the driving amplitude. Moreover, the steady state displays topological phenomena: there are chiral edge currents, which circulate a fractional charge e/2 per rotation cycle, with the frequency set by the optical phonon frequency.

2.
Phys Rev Lett ; 100(11): 110405, 2008 Mar 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18517765

ABSTRACT

We show that quasiparticle excitations with irrational charge and irrational exchange statistics exist in tight-binding systems described, in the continuum approximation, by the Dirac equation in (2+1)-dimensional space and time. These excitations can be deconfined at zero temperature, but when they are, the charge rerationalizes to the value 1/2 and the exchange statistics to that of "quartons" (half-semions).

3.
Phys Rev Lett ; 96(8): 081602, 2006 Mar 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16606166

ABSTRACT

We show that in a large class of physically interesting systems the mass-generation phenomenon can be understood in terms of topological structures, without requiring a detailed knowledge of the underlying dynamics. This is first demonstrated by showing that Schwinger's mechanism for mass generation relies on topological structures of a two-dimensional gauge theory. In the same manner, corresponding four-dimensional topological entities give rise to topological mass generation in four dimensions. This formulation offers a unified topological description of some seemingly unrelated phenomena, such as two-dimensional superconductivity, and the generation of eta' and axion masses by QCD, and possibly by gravity.

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