ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and anosognosia are known to influence the perceived quality of life of patients (QoL-p) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study analysed their impact on patient and caregiver ratings of QoL-p and how these ratings changed in relation to the severity of dementia. METHODS: A baseline sample of 221 patients and caregivers was followed up over 24 months. Instruments: Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia (AQ-D), Quality of life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Longitudinal data were analysed using generalized linear models. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, greater anosognosia was always associated with higher ratings of QoL-p among patients, especially at 24 months (p < 0.001), and with more negative ratings among caregivers, especially at baseline (p < 0.001). A higher total NPI score was associated with a more negative rating of QoL-p among caregivers (p < 0.001), and it also had a smaller negative effect on patients' self-ratings (p = 0.001). The neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI) associated with a more negative view of QoL-p were depression, for patients' self-ratings, and apathy and agitation for caregiver ratings. The discrepancy between patient and caregiver ratings increased in line with the severity of dementia. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms had a similarly negative effect on the QoL-p ratings of both patients and caregivers, whereas the effect of anosognosia differed according to the rater (positive for patients, negative for caregivers).
Subject(s)
Agnosia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Psychomotor Agitation/psychology , Quality of Life , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Apathy , Caregivers/psychology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción. La anosognosia y la depresión pueden influir en la valoración sobre la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Objetivo. Explorar la evolución de la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer y la influencia de la anosognosia y la depresión en la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y longitudinal de 12 meses. Muestra consecutiva de 221 pacientes atendidos ambulatoriamente. La media de edad fue de 77,8 ± 7,3 años y 140 fueron mujeres (63,3%). Instrumentos: Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease, Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia, Geriatric Depression Scale, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Minimental State Examination y Global Deterioration Scale. Se calculó el tamaño del efecto en las diferencias entre dos medias y se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal con los factores asociados a la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Resultados. Los pacientes con anosognosia presentaron puntuaciones menores en depresión y mayores en la Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease, al contrario que los pacientes sin anosognosia, e independientemente del tratamiento farmacológico antidepresivo. Los cuidadores puntuaron más negativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En la regresión lineal, las mayores discrepancias entre pacientes y cuidadores respecto a la calidad de vida se asociaron a la anosognosia, la depresión y la capacidad funcional (β = -0,21; p < 0,001), que explicaban el 35,3, 7,9 y 11,3%, respectivamente, de la varianza (AU)
Introduction. Anosognosia and depression can influence perceptions of the patients quality of life (QoL-p) in Alzheimers disease (AD). Aim. To explore changes in perceived QoL-p in AD and the influence that depression and anosognosia can have on both patient and caregiver ratings. Patients and methods. Observational, analytical and longitudinal study over 12 months of a consecutive sample of 221 outpatients. Mean age was 77.8 ± 7.3 years and there were 140 women (63.3%). Instruments: Quality of Life in AD, Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia, Geriatric Depression Scale, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini-Mental State Examination and Global Deterioration Scale. Effect size of the differences between two means was calculated, and a linear regression analysis involving the factors associated with perceived QoL-p was performed. Results. Patients with anosognosia had less depression and higher scores on the Quality of Life in AD, as compared with patients without anosognosia, and regardless of antidepressant drug treatment. Caregiver ratings of QoL-p were more negative. In the linear regression the largest discrepancies between patient and caregiver ratings of QoL-p were associatedwith anosognosia, depression, and functional status, factors that explained 35.3, 7.9 and 11.3% of the variance, respectively. Conclusions. Anosognosia was associated with less depression and better perceived quality of life in patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Consciousness , Depression/epidemiology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Geriatric Assessment/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Anosognosia and depression can influence perceptions of the patient's quality of life (QoL-p) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM: To explore changes in perceived QoL-p in AD and the influence that depression and anosognosia can have on both patient and caregiver ratings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational, analytical and longitudinal study over 12 months of a consecutive sample of 221 outpatients. Mean age was 77.8 ± 7.3 years and there were 140 women (63.3%). Instruments: Quality of Life in AD, Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia, Geriatric Depression Scale, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini-Mental State Examination and Global Deterioration Scale. Effect size of the differences between two means was calculated, and a linear regression analysis involving the factors associated with perceived QoL-p was performed. RESULTS: Patients with anosognosia had less depression and higher scores on the Quality of Life in AD, as compared with patients without anosognosia, and regardless of antidepressant drug treatment. Caregiver ratings of QoL-p were more negative. In the linear regression the largest discrepancies between patient and caregiver ratings of QoL-p were associated with anosognosia, depression, and functional status, factors that explained 35.3, 7.9 and 11.3% of the variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Anosognosia was associated with less depression and better perceived quality of life in patients.
TITLE: Anosognosia y depresion en la percepcion de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Evolucion a los 12 meses.Introduccion. La anosognosia y la depresion pueden influir en la valoracion sobre la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Objetivo. Explorar la evolucion de la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer y la influencia de la anosognosia y la depresion en la percepcion de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio observacional, analitico y longitudinal de 12 meses. Muestra consecutiva de 221 pacientes atendidos ambulatoriamente. La media de edad fue de 77,8 ± 7,3 años y 140 fueron mujeres (63,3%). Instrumentos: Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease, Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia, Geriatric Depression Scale, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Minimental State Examination y Global Deterioration Scale. Se calculo el tamaño del efecto en las diferencias entre dos medias y se realizo un analisis de regresion lineal con los factores asociados a la percepcion de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Resultados. Los pacientes con anosognosia presentaron puntuaciones menores en depresion y mayores en la Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease, al contrario que los pacientes sin anosognosia, e independientemente del tratamiento farmacologico antidepresivo. Los cuidadores puntuaron mas negativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En la regresion lineal, las mayores discrepancias entre pacientes y cuidadores respecto a la calidad de vida se asociaron a la anosognosia, la depresion y la capacidad funcional (ß = 0,21; p < 0,001), que explicaban el 35,3, 7,9 y 11,3%, respectivamente, de la varianza. Conclusion. La anosognosia se asociaba a una menor depresion y mejor percepcion de la calidad de vida en los pacientes.
