ABSTRACT
O desconhecimento sobre medicamentos para prevenir ou tratar a COVID-19, bem como o uso de prescrições anteriores e o armazenamento de medicamentos em casa podem estimular a automedicação. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a prática da automedicação em indivíduos paranaenses adultos durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo-descritivo e transversal com distribuição on-line de questionários alcançando paranaenses com idade ≥18 anos. Os resultados mostram que pacientes (n=329) entre 18-37 anos foram os mais abordados. Aproximadamente 24% se automedicaram, influenciados principalmente por possuírem o medicamento em casa (21%) ou por familiar ou amigos (13%). A automedicação na prevenção da COVID-19 foi frequente para vitaminas (28%) e ivermectina (20%). Já o uso de medicamentos sem prescrição utilizados em sintomas respiratórios foi em grande maioria com analgésicos/antitérmicos (17%) e relaxantes musculares (10%). Além disso, participantes com positividade para a COVID-19 se automedicaram com vitaminas (6%); ivermectina ou nitazoxanida (4%); e analgésicos/antitérmicos (3%). O uso da ivermectina ou nitazoxanida para a COVID-19 não comprovada cientificamente para esta finalidade. Por fim, a automedicação para sintomas não respiratórios foi maior nos analgésicos e antitérmicos (14%), relaxantes musculares (9%) e laxantes (9%). Apesar de pouco utilizada, a automedicação com cloroquina/hidroxicloriquina foi citada, mesmo sem estudo de eficácia para a COVID-19. Conclui-se que, mais da metade dos participantes paranaenses adultos realizaram automedicação durante a pandemia da COVID-19, sendo que as classes medicamentosas mais frequentes foram analgésicos/antitérmicos, relaxantes musculares, laxantes, vitaminas e ivermectina.
The lack of knowledge about medications to prevent or treat COVID-19, as well as the use of previous prescriptions and the storage of medicines at home, can encourage self-medication. Thus, this work aimed to study the practice of self medication in adult individuals from Paraná during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a quantitative-descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with the online distribution of questionnaires reaching people from Paraná aged ≥18 years old. The results show that participants (n=329) between 18-37 years old were the most frequent responders. Approximately 24% self-medicated, influenced mainly by having the medication at home (21%) or by family members or friends (13%). Self-medication with vitamins (28%) and ivermectin (20%) in preventing COVID-19 was frequent. However, over-the-counter drugs used for respiratory symptoms were mostly analgesics/antipyretics (17%) and muscle relaxants (10%). Additionally, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 self-medicated with vitamins (6%), ivermectin or nitazoxanide (4%), and analgesics/antipyretics (3%). The use of ivermectin or nitazoxanide for COVID-19 has not been scientifically proven for this purpose. Finally, self-medication for non-respiratory symptoms was higher for analgesics and antipyretics (14%), muscle relaxants (9%), and laxatives (9%). Although little used, self-medication with chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine was cited, even without an efficacy study for COVID-19. It is concluded that more than half of the adult participants from Paraná self-medicated during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the most frequent drug classes being analgesics/antipyretics, muscle relaxants, laxatives, vitamins, and ivermectin.
ABSTRACT
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peerreviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other largescale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
