ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In Korea, small dogs are more common than large breeds. This study was performed to measure the influence of body weight, sex, breed, age, and cranial cruciate ligament rupture (RCCL) on the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in small-breed dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 274 dogs (221 normal dogs and 53 RCCL dogs) were selected for this study based on medical records. The TPA was measured from stifle joint radiographs. The dogs were divided according to body weight, sex (male and female; normal and neutered), age, breed, and RCCL, and the TPAs of the dogs were compared. RESULTS: In general, the TPAs of male dogs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of female dogs, and those of healthy neutered dogs were higher than those of healthy intact dogs. The TPA had a tendency to increase along with the animal's age but was not significantly different among the four age groups. In general, the TPA of RCCL dogs was 27.12° ± 0.62°, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of normal dogs (20.21° ± 0.32°), indicating that an increased TPA is associated with a higher risk for RCCL. Similar results were also observed among dogs with similar body weights, breeds, and ages for male and female RCCL dogs. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the sex and neutering status of dogs could affect the TPA. This study also confirmed the use of TPA in the veterinary clinic as a possible indicator of RCCL, as the TPA is higher in RCCL dogs than in normal dogs.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, fine-dust particulate matter (FM) has become a potential health hazard, causing various pathological respiratory disorders around the world. Inflammation induced by FM is regarded as a major cause of respiratory disorder in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shibashin Misena®, a functional food composed of various bioactive ingredients, on FM-induced respiratory disorders in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Briefly, 40 mice were divided equally into four groups: normal controls (NC); FM-induced control group (FC); FM group treated with Shibashin Misena® 0.1 mL/head/day (FM0.1); FM group treated with Shibashin Misena® 0.2 mL/head/day (FM0.2). RESULTS: FM significantly induced TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1ß, and TGF-ß in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from the FM mice. Compared with FC, Shibashin Misena® decreased TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-1ß levels in BALF, and histopathologic evaluations revealed that Shibashin Misena® treatment significantly reduced inflammatory-cell infiltration and fibrosis related collagen deposition in lung tissue. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that Shibashin Misena® decreased FM-induced inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue. Thus, Shibashin Misena® could be an effective supplement to prevent or improve FM-induced pulmonary disorders.
Subject(s)
Dust , Functional Food , Lung Diseases/diet therapy , Lung Diseases/etiology , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Biomarkers , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Management , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Susceptibility , Immunohistochemistry , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Lung Diseases/metabolism , Lung Diseases/pathology , Mice , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical decompression and rehabilitation therapy in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After surgery, physiotherapeutic rehabilitation was performed by a combination of electrotherapy, infrared therapy, training for standing, deep tendon reflex, and aquatic treadmill exercise. A total of 186 dogs were selected from the hospital records and included in two groups: the rehabilitated group (RG, n = 96) and non-rehabilitated group (NRG, n = 90). Dogs in each group were subdivided into three groups based on a pre-operative clinical severity grading system and those in grades 2-4 were included in this study. Post-operative neurologic functions, unassisted standing, walking, and the success rate of both groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Overall, 86.46% (83/96) of dogs had a successful neurologic outcome in the RG group, which was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the NRG group 52.22% (47/90). Interestingly, the success rate differed when the preoperative grading system was considered. The success rates of grades 2, 3, and 4 were 97.14% (34/35), 97.33% (42/45), and 43.75% (7/16), respectively, in the rehabilitated groups, whereas in the non-rehabilitated groups, success rates were 82.35% (28/34), 51.85% (14/27), and 17.24% (5/29), respectively. The differences in success rates among the groups according to grading were 14.79%, 41.48%, and 26.51%, respectively, indicating that the proposed rehabilitation therapy is remarkably advantageous for increasing the success rate. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation therapy after surgical decompression of thoracolumbar IVDH improves neurologic functions and increases the success rate, especially when the preoperative pathological condition is severe.
