Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Histamine/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Approval , Drugs, Investigational , Humans , Neoplasms/drug therapy , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationSubject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology , Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology , Animals , Humans , Mice , Neoplasms/blood supply , Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is premature and extensive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and predictors of hypercholesterolemia and to examine the distribution and interrelationship of risk factors for CVD. METHODS: This observational (mixed-longitudinal) study, guided by an epidemiologic framework, assessed a sample of 140 children with IDDM. Total cholesterol (TC) and diabetes control were measured in the total sample. Standard CVD risk factors were measured in a subsample of 67 children. RESULTS: Observed frequency of TC greater than the 75th percentile and greater than the 95th percentile was significantly more than expected (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In the total sample, TC-CVD risk factor associations were not observed. However, diabetes control and physical activity were correlated with TC in the risk sample of children at highest risk, as demonstrated by hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the importance of assessing the lipid profile in children with IDDM and monitoring CVD risk factors in hyperlipidemic children with IDDM. Future research should focus on prospective longitudinal studies in population-based multiethnic samples of children with IDDM.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Child , Child, Preschool , Cholesterol/blood , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/etiology , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antineoplastic Agents , Factor VIII , Interferon-gamma , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Approval , Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationSubject(s)
Lymphoma/drug therapy , Proteins/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diphtheria Toxin/chemistry , Interleukin-2/chemistry , Proteins/adverse effects , Proteins/economics , Proteins/pharmacology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationSubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation , Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Daclizumab , Humans , RituximabABSTRACT
The promise of pharmaceutical biotechnology and its applications to health care is now being realized. Over 30 therapeutic agents produced by the tools of biotechnology are now available and nearly 300 more are in various stages of development. Recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and vaccines can provide effective treatments and cures for diseases we could only mitigate in the past. The availability of these drugs presents several interesting challenges and opportunities to pharmacists. The expense, complexity, and unique properties of biotechnology agents will continue to alter not only the knowledge base of pharmacy but also the way pharmacists perform their professional responsibilities.
Subject(s)
Biotechnology/trends , Drug Therapy/trends , Pharmacology, Clinical/trends , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Designer Drugs , Forecasting , Genetic Therapy , Humans , Industry , Marketing of Health Services , Patient Selection , Recombinant Proteins , United States , VaccinesABSTRACT
Hirudin analogs have been shown to be inhibitors of thrombin with many potential uses. These agents appear to have advantages over conventional anticoagulant agents such as heparin. The hirudin compounds do not require a cofactor to work, have consistent dose-dependent effects, act directly on thrombin, are highly specific, and have little to no toxicity.
