Testing the Spillover Effect of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization on Emotionally Abusive and Harsh Parenting Practices: The Application of Propensity Score Matching.

Prior research reported a significant association between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and negative parenting, but there was an overreliance on U.S. samples and families from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study examined the association between recent IPV victimization and abusive parenting practices in a sample of community-based women from Poland. Participants were mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years (N = 610) attending an outpatient clinic located in a city in south-eastern Poland. Mothers were asked about their IPV experiences in the past 12 months and were classed as either IPV positive or IPV negative. Outcome measures assessed emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices. All data were collected online. To reduce bias in background characteristics (i.e., age, education, employment status, financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, alcohol problems, current mental distress, social support, exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors, and child sex), we applied the propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Group differences before and after matching were examined using independent samples t-tests. Prematching analyses revealed that IPV-positive mothers used significantly more emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices than IPV-negative mothers. However, the two samples differed substantially on six background characteristics which are known risk factors for IPV and child maltreatment (financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, current mental distress, social support, and exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors). PSM was successful in reducing those imbalances. Postmatching group comparisons were statistically nonsignificant for emotionally abusive and harsh parenting, disproving the spillover hypothesis. We conclude that IPV victimization is not related to emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices when controlling for confounding variables.

[Surgical treatment of the spastic hip luxation at patients with severe form of CP]. / Analiza skutecznosci leczenia operacyjnego neurogennego zwichniecia biodra w ciezkiej postaci mózgowego porazenia dzieciecego.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was the assessment the final results of the operative treatment of the luxated neurogenic hips at patients with severe form of CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis was performed on 13 CP patients with hemiplegia bilateralis treated in our department because of the neurogenic hip dislocation. At 5 patients (7 hips) was performed resection of femoral head according to Castle. At 9 patients (13 hips) the femoral osteotomy according to Schanz were done. The follow up ranged from 1 to 3 years. The early and late complications such as pain before and after surgery and nursing possibilities were analysed. The 4 questions concerned on the status before and after surgery. They assessed the pain, possibilities of crotch nursing and rehabilitation as well as total opinion about the final result of surgery. RESULTS: At the group of patients after the resection of the femoral head two of them had no pain, one patients complained on the decreasing pain, and two hadn't any changes. Only three parents assessed the surgery as satisfactory. At the group after osteotomy according to Schanz six patients observed no pain, two complained on the decreasing pain and one didn't observe any changes. The possibilities of nursing improved at all patients in this group. Eight parents were satisfied and one dissatisfied after surgery. As late complications we have classified the following: ossification around the hip joint in one case and destabilization of the plate in one another. CONCLUSIONS: The Schanz osteotomy permitted us to achieve the improvement in abduction of the hips at majority of the patients, the reduction of the pain and improvement in rehabilitation's possibilities. In our experience this method was more effective in the treatment of the luxated hips at patients with severe form of CP.

[Treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents during the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010]. / Nowoczesne leczenie obrazen narzadu ruchu u dzieci i mlodziezy w Dekadzie Kosci i Stawów 2000-2010.

Treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents during the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 has changed substantially. This is connected both with the increasingly accurate and rapid diagnostics, as well as the emergence of specialized centers. The experiences gained from various centers to help choose the best and most effective method of supplying injuries. To review a set of patterns of conduct in individual locomotor injuries in children and adolescents, from the scene by emergency departments, to establish guidelines for specialist units. A more radical approach to the treatment of fractures can be justified in getting faster and better function, greater comfort without use of plaster casts and a short stay in hospital, which is extremely important for young patients.

Changes in the hip migration percentage and motor function in patients with cerebral palsy treated surgically by multilevel soft tissue release--preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: Disturbed muscle balance secondary to upper motor neuron damage in the course of infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) leads to the development of progressive morphological changes in joints, especially the hip. We analysed changes in Reimers' index (hip migration percentage - MP), and functional ability in CP children after multilevel soft tissue release. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 22 patients with cerebral palsy following one-stage multilevel soft tissue release. The children were examined twice: one day before the surgery and at least 6 months (a mean of 9 months) after the procedure. Hip stability was evaluated radiographically using Reimers' index. Post-operative functional changes were analysed with the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 scale (GMFM-88). RESULTS: Reimers' index decreased post-operatively in 20 right and 18 left hips and increased in 2 right and 4 left hips. Functional ability according to the GMFM scale increased in 17 children (by a mean of 7.1%), did not change in 3 patients with near-maximum pre-operative scores, and worsened in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that, when performed for appropriate indications, multilevel soft tissue release surgery can improve hip stability and functional ability in CP children.

Effectiveness of two methods of treatment of the spastic hip in CP children.

BACKGROUND: Authors analysed the post-operative course of the hip joints in ICP children following two types of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 50 children with CP (100 hips) treated in our department between 1999-2004 whose radiological records were complete. The children were divided into 2 groups of those following open adductor tenotomy and those treated according to Gob's method, i.e. by release of the flexion-adduction hip contracture. Hip joint stability was compared radiologically with the Reimers index. Consecutive radiographs were obtained at least 6 months apart and at least two radiographs were obtained in each patient. RESULTS: In the first group, the Reimers index improved in 56 hips (70%), deteriorated in 14 hips (17.5%), and did not change in 10 hips (12.5%). In the second group, the index improved in 6 hips (30%), deteriorated in 4 hips (20%), and did not change in 10 hips (50%). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Open adductor tenotomy may be an effective treatment for hip joint instability in cerebrally palsied children. 2. Continual monitoring of the Reimers index is a prerequisite for predicting the natural history of the spastic hip.

[Final results of the operatively treated femoral neck fractures in children and adolescents]. / Wyniki leczenia operacyjnego zlaman szyjki kosci udowej u dzieci i mlodziezy.

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fractures in children occur 130 times more seldom than in adult's population. According to specific vascularisation the most common complication is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Purpose of the study was the treatment's results analysis of the 15 children and adolescent's femoral neck fractures. METHODS: 15 patients at a mean age of 12.7 years (5-17 years) presenting with femoral neck fractures were analyzed. On the pre- and postoperatively X-rays we have determined the type of fracture in Delbet classification and compared femoral-neck angle with the healthy side. In the final clinical examination ROM, the equality of leg's length and quality of walking were checked. The results were determined in the Harris hip score and Ratliff score. We divided the patients into 3 groups that depended on the time of surgery: 1) operated up to 24 hours after injury (6 patients), 2) 24-72 hours post fracture (5), 3) after 72 hours (4). RESULTS: 10 fractures were classified to type 2, 3 fractures to type 3 according to Delbet scale (X-rays of 2 patients are missed). The final outcome after 7-163 months (57 on average) could be precised at 13 patients. Significant ROM decreasing was confirmed in 4 patients. The highest restriction was noticed in internal rotation (on average 14 degrees comparing with the healthy side). Other motions were slightly restricted. Inequality of limb's length amounted 0.5 cm on average. The average Harris hip score amounted 92.58 (76-100). The final results were assessed as very good at 8 patients, good at 4 and moderate in 1 patient. We haven't noticed bad results. AVN were suspected in 3 patients, 2 of them were scintigraphically confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: In order to avoid AVN the most important thing is an early (up to 24 hours since the injury) anatomic reposition and proper bone fragments stabilization.