ABSTRACT
Cider is a fermented drink obtained from apple juice. As a function of the used apple cultivar, cider can be classified in four different categories (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet, sweet), distinguished by the attribute of "dryness," which reflects the sweetness and softness perceived. The dryness level is defined by scales (IRF, NYCA scales) based on the residual sugar, titratable acidity and tannin contents. Despite some adjustments, these scales show limitations in the prediction of actual perceived dryness, as they cannot consider the complicated interrelation between combined chemical compounds and sensory perception. After defining the perceived sensory dryness and its sensory description by using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, a multivariate approach (PLS) was applied to define a predictive model for the dryness and to identify the chemical compounds with which it was correlated. Three models were developed, based on three different sets of chemical parameters, to provide a method that is easily applicable in the ordinary production process of cider. The comparison between the predicted rating and the relative scales scores showed that the models were able to predict the dryness rating in a more effective way. The multivariate approach was found to be the most suitable to study the relation between chemical and sensory data.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to propose a methodological approach to evaluate the impact of the organic, biodynamic, and conventional production processes on the intrinsic and perceived quality of a typical wine. For this purpose, fourteen commercial Chianti DOCG wines from the 2016 harvest were selected based on the type of production management. A survey was set up to get winemaking information from the estate's producer of the wines to estimate the carbon dioxide production under the three types of management. The eligibility, identity, and style properties (the intrinsic quality) of the wines were defined. A group of 45 experts evaluated the differences between wines by the Napping test and rated their typicality (perceived quality). The organic and biodynamic management showed a lower level of estimated values of carbon dioxide production. The overall statistical elaboration of the chemical and sensory data highlighted that the registered differences of the intrinsic, perceived quality, and typicality level of the respective wines, did not depend on the type of management. The comparison of the three kinds of wine by SIMCA modeling, put in evidence that the conventional ones showed a greater homogeneity regarding chemical composition, sensory characteristics, and typicality.
ABSTRACT
Sangiovese is the most cultivated red grape variety in Italy where it is certified for the production of several Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) wines, and it is one of the most cultivated Italian red grape varieties in California. Despite the global distribution of this variety, there is a lack of international studies on Sangiovese grapes and wines. For this reason, the present study aimed to compare 20 commercial Sangiovese wines from 2017 harvest, 9 produced in Italy (Tuscany) and 11 in California, in order to evaluate the intrinsic and perceived quality. The eligibility, identity, and style properties (the intrinsic quality) of the wines were evaluated. A group of 11 Italian experts evaluated the perceived quality by rating the typicality of the wines. The experimental data showed that the intrinsic quality of Sangiovese wine samples was affected by the growing area; in particular, the wine resulted very different for the color indices and polyphenol composition. The above differences in intrinsic quality levels did not lead to a different evaluation of the perceived quality (typicality) by the wine experts. The results evidenced that Sangiovese variety is recognizable also if grown outside its original terroir, and fresh and fruity wines were considered more typical. This study expands our current knowledge of Sangiovese wines and the contribution of regional characteristics to the composition of wine.
ABSTRACT
A candidíase sistêmica em recém-nascidos, especialmente pré-termos, submetidos à terapia intensiva tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Diversos fatores na UTI Neonatal são responsabilizados pelo incremento desta grave infecção. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre alguns procedimentos (nutrição parenteral, cateterismo venoso, ventilação mecânica), bem como o uso de antibióticos em recém-nascidos internados em UTI Neonatal e a candidíase sistêmica. Foram estudados, no período de 1991 a 1994, 41 recém-nascidos: 21 com diagnóstico de candidíase sistêmica (Grupo I), e 20 com sepse bacteriana (Grupo II). A análise estatística utilizada foi a univariada de comparação de medianas, por meio do teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). Verificou-se que comparados os dois grupos, naquele com candidíase sistêmica a proporção relativa de cateterismo venoso foi de 9,28 (p=0,0013), de ventilação mecânica 2,98 (p=0,0143), e nutrição parenteral 2,6 (p=0,0238). O número de associação de troca de antibióticos foi maior no mesmo grupo, sendo a associação vancomicina e cefalosporina de terceira geração a que maior correlação teve com a candidíase sistêmica (p=0,0018). Os resultados indicam que os procedimentos invasivos, especialmente o cateterismo venoso, a maior utilização de antibióticos e as associações de largo espectro como vancomicina e cefalosporina de terceira geração correlacionaram-se com a maior incidência de candidíase sistêmica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Sepsis , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Candidiasis/etiologyABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de um recem-nascido com Doenca de Chagas congenita e hidropisia...
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Edema/etiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Chagas Disease/complicationsABSTRACT
O Hospital Universitario-USP, hospital regional, atende a maioria das gestantes que realizam o pre-natal nas 15 unidades basicas de saude da regiao do Butanta. Esta caracteristica despertou o interesse de verificar como foi a orientacao, no pre-natal, a gestantes no que concerne ao uso de drogas de abuso e avaliar as condicoes de nascimento de seus filhos. Foram entrevistadas 100 mulheres atendidas no HU-USP, apos o parto, no ano de 1996, segundo um protocolo pre-estabelecido, por uma equipe medica previamente orientada. Incluiu-se somente as maes que compareceram a pelo menos uma consulta de pre-natal e que concordaram em responder ao questionario. Para analise dos dados foi utilizado o teste de significancia de Mantel-Haenszel e calculado o Risco Relativo (RR)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Prenatal Care , Illicit Drugs , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Analysis of Variance , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Gestational Age , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Marijuana Abuse , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam uma revisäo sobre o tratamento de sífilis congenita, através de consulta bibliográfica utilizando o MEDLINE, com enfoque específico na indicaçäo do recém-nascido que deve receber tratamento para sífilis congenita e qual o tipo de penicilina a ser utilizado. O objetivo é evidenciar as controvérsias existentes na literatura e reafirmar os conceitos já estabelecidos...
